What Is a Skin Lump? Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

“皮肤肿块”一词可能是模糊的 - 症状可能源于许多不同的原因 - 但是通过解码其感觉和外观，您可以清楚地了解正在发生的事情。“当患者抱怨肿块时，通常是指皮肤上感觉到的东西，或者是皮肤下方的东西，”Lucia Seminario-Vidal, MD, PhD, a board-certified dermatologist in the department of cutaneous oncology at Moffitt Cancer Center in Tampa, Florida. (A dermatologist wouldn’t call it a “skin lump,” and would more likely use a term like “elevated lesion,” she says.)

“Skin lumps” can be divided into three different categories, says Dr. Seminario-Vidal:

• Benign: Noncancerous and may require no treatment
• Inflammatory or infectious: Requires treatment but is not life-threatening
• Malignant: These are cancerous and would require treatment in the short-term (rather than a wait-and-see approach)

皮肤团块可能会有许多不同的原因，这会影响它们的外观或感觉。但是，以下是定义皮肤凹凸的一些体征和症状。Rebecca Hartman, MD, MPH, a cutaneousoncologistat Dana-Farber Cancer Institute in Boston. (Keep in mind that a single lump can’t possibly match all of the descriptions on this wide-ranging list):

• 一块柔软的触感,糊状或粘糊糊的
• 一个感觉移动的肿块
• A lump that’s fixed
• A lump that’s firm
• 一个感觉很难的肿块
• 红色和发炎的肿块
• A lump that’s painful
• A lump that has a central pore
• 肿块，在皮肤下定义明确
• 一个有不规则轮廓的肿块
• A lump that is growing

此外，根据原因，您可能会遇到皮肤肿块的症状。例如，一个sign of lymphoma, or cancer of the lymphatic system, is enlarged lymph nodes in your armpits, neck, or groin, along with fever and night sweats, according to the Mayo Clinic. (1）

A “skin lump” is a specific symptom of a medical condition, so the cause behind it depends on exactly what the skin lump is.

Skin Tag

These are skin-colored growths on the surface the skin, per Harvard Health Publishing. (2）This bump is still worth mentioning here. These often appear in areas of irritation or where skin rubs together, like the neck or armpit, says Seminario-Vidal. These are benign. They’re more common after age 40, and can happen to anyone but are more likely to appear on people who are obese, have diabetes, or have a family history, according to information from StatPearls in August 2020. (3）

Cyst

This is one of the most common causes of a skin lump, says Dr. Hartman, and often appear on the face or back. “These are smooth and mobile, are oval with a defined border, and they aren’t entirely squishy, but they’re not firm and hard either,” she explains. The dead giveaway of a cyst is a lump that has a central pore in it. This happens when skin does not mature properly and folds into itself, forming the pore. (That said, not all cysts will have a visible pore, she says.)

Wart

These are skin growths that are caused by the papillomavirus, points out Johns Hopkins Medicine. (4）There are many different types of warts, and are often located on hands and feet.

皮肤纤维瘤

Dermnet NZ指出，这些是在小腿上可能发现的良性结节。（（5）They look like a small, red raised bump and are firm and “rock-like.” They do not have a known cause, notes Harvard. (6）Rarely, a dermatofibroma may be a dermatofibrosarcoma, which is a type ofskin cancer看起来像是皮肤上的一团块。

Lipoma

这种皮肤肿块实际上是一种良性的脂肪肿瘤，可以在皮肤的脂肪层中生长，可以弹出体内任何地方。哈特曼说：“它可以在家庭中运行，因此可能会有遗传原因。”您会怀疑脂肪瘤，因为它会柔软糊状（由脂肪制成），并且边缘不会得到很好的定义。这些通常不会痛苦。

扩大的淋巴结

淋巴结是身体免疫系统的一部分，位于身体的某些部位，例如腋下，腹股沟或脖子下的下巴下方。哈特曼说，如果您生病了，因为免疫细胞聚集在那里并与感染作斗争。Seminario-Vidal补充说，腹股沟中的淋巴结也可能会扩大并因极端运动而发炎（例如参加长期耐力事件，例如马拉松）。

If you had an infection, lymph nodes shrink to their normal size after you get better. They should still feel smooth and mobile. However, a lymphoma, or cancer in the lymph node, may become firm or hard and fixed. There may also be othersymptoms of cancer，例如食欲减少，体重减轻，发烧和发冷。

Your dermatologist can do a physical exam to diagnose your skin lump. If there’s something concerning (for example, a skin lump or bump is growing), then abiopsySeminario-Vidal说，可能会建议使用。根据肿块的位置或皮肤下的深度，皮肤科医生可以进行活检。她说，在皮肤特别厚的区域，像背部一样，整形外科医生可能必须在局部麻醉下打开皮肤。（如果非常深，可以使用全身麻醉。）

Deeper lesions or potentially cancerous lumps may be evaluated with imaging first. This can be done with scans like computerized tomography (CT) scan, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI）scan, orultrasound, according to the American Cancer Society (ACS). (7）

皮肤肿块的预后

“When patients notice a lump, they’re often understandably concerned, but most of them are benign,” says Hartman.

Benign (noncancerous):

• 皮肤标签（3）
• 囊肿（8）
• 脂肪瘤（9）
• Wart (4)
• 皮肤纤维瘤（（6）
• 淋巴结肿大，如果由病毒感染引起，例如普通感冒

可能是癌症：

• An enlarged lymph node, if caused by lymphoma, or cancer of the lymph system (1)
• New, changing, itching, or bleeding spot, lesion, or bump on skin, which could point to a nonmelanoma or黑色素瘤皮肤癌，美国皮肤科学院（10）

癌症ous:

• Dermatofibrosarcoma（6）

皮肤肿块的长时间和恢复时间完全取决于导致皮肤肿块的原因以及是否需要去除。对于某些问题，例如皮肤标签，这些问题会终身终身，除非它们引起问题（例如被抓住衣服），通常不需要治疗。哈特曼说，随着炎症的减退，可能会在几天的时间内收缩囊肿（可能是红色和痛苦的），但如果患者希望永久摆脱它们，最终将需要治疗。有时，它们所在的区域（例如面部）意味着治疗可能比囊肿更具毁容性，在这种情况下，她可能建议患者独自离开囊肿。LipomasHartman补充说，除非它很大，增长或麻烦，否则通常也不会删除。

许多皮肤团块不会自行消失，需要治疗。但是，通常，肿块并不危险，如果不是烦恼，它可能会独自一人。这是对皮肤肿块的一些更常见原因的治疗方法：

Skin TagSkin tags are benign, and they do not need to be removed. However, if a skin tag is removed, it may be taken off using one of three methods: snip excision, cautery, or cryosurgery. (3) (Cryosurgery is when your doctor will use a cold liquid, like liquid nitrogen, to freeze the skin tag, says the National Cancer Institute.) (11）It’s important to know that you should not try to remove a skin tag on your own, as they can bleed when taken off.

Cyst哈特曼说，要摆脱囊肿，您需要将其删除。但首先：不要将事情掌握在自己手中。“我告诉人们不要弹出。她说：“挤压它可能会挤出角蛋白，但这并不能消除问题，并且可能会引起更多的炎症，从而使情况变得更糟。”囊肿的墙壁或衬里也需要出来，您的医生可以通过切除囊肿来做到这一点。直到炎症消退，他们才能做到这一点。可以开处方口服抗生素以减少炎症。囊肿也可以作为临时溶液排干；医生还可以给囊肿一种类固醇注射以帮助平静下来。

Wart这可能需要一段时间（可能是可能的几年），但是您的疣最终将在没有治疗的情况下消失。（4）在家中，您可以使用非处方疣拆除套件。在医生办公室，您可能会用液氮冻结疣。

皮肤纤维瘤根据Statpearls的说法，这些是良性的，但是手术清除是一种选择。（（12）据Mayo诊所称，有一种称为皮肤纤维肉瘤的稀有皮肤癌，它在皮肤真皮层中的结缔组织中发展，生长缓慢。（（13）Treating this type of skin cancer requires surgery, though radiation or targeted therapy drugs may also be used.

Lipoma哈特曼说，如果患者有很多脂肪瘤，医生通常建议不要去除它们。但是，如果脂肪瘤大，生长或麻烦，医生会切掉脂肪瘤。她说，次要程序需要注射来使该区域麻木，但仅需30分钟。

扩大的淋巴结您无需治疗淋巴结扩大本身，而是对待根本原因。哈特曼说，如果淋巴结因感冒像病毒感染而使淋巴结肿大，一旦康复，他们应该回到正常的大小。就是说，如果您发现1厘米或更少的淋巴结扩大，则柔软，并且可以移动它，那就不太担心。Siminario-Vidal说，医生可能会采取拭目以待，并跟进以确保它消失了。

If you are diagnosed with lymphoma, then you will be treated appropriately for cancer, which may include chemotherapy, radiation, targeted drugs, and bone marrow transplant. (1)

Integrative and Complementary Approaches

对于许多团块，您在家中没有什么可以做的。但是，在红色和愤怒的囊肿上使用温暖的压缩可以减轻炎症以缓解酸痛。

When it comes to warts, there have been many alternative treatments suggested, some mainstream (duct tape), while others are more radical (distance healers that channel energy into the wart). None of the homeopathic remedies have been proven effective, notes data from InformedHealth.org. (14）

Many skin lumps, like lipomas, may have a genetic cause, says Hartman. That’s one reason why you won’t be able to take steps to actively prevent all skin lumps. In order to prevent skin lumps or bumps that would be a type of skin cancer, everyone should be wearing a broad-spectrumsunscreen根据皮肤癌基金会的说法，每天至少有SPF 15。（（15Cedars Sinai说，当涉及囊肿时，您将无法防止它们形成，但请确保您不要尝试自己“弹出”以防止感染和疤痕。（（16）不能总是阻止皮肤标签，因为存在遗传原因，但是控制条件使它们更有可能（如糖尿病）阻止其形成。（3）

哈特曼说，大多数良性的皮肤团块无害。但是，如果皮肤标签，囊肿和脂肪瘤位于可见区域（例如脸部），穿上衣服（例如不幸的是位于皮肤标签），或变得发炎和嫩（如囊肿），则可能会烦恼。试图沥干或去除家里的皮肤肿块有可能发生流血或感染等并发症。

“Skin lumps” are a common symptom. Here are some statistics related to various types:

Skin TagFifty to 60 percent of the general population have skin tags, with males and females being equal. (3)

Cyst根据Statpearls的说法，表皮囊肿最常见，在三十多岁和四十多岁的人中，在男性与女性中的发生率是两倍。（（17）

WartOne-third of children and teenagers have warts, while just 3 to 5 percent of adults have warts, according to InformedHealth.org. (18）

皮肤纤维瘤对于二十多岁，三十多岁和四十多岁的人们来说，这些都是最常见的，并且可能在女性中发生。（12）

Lipoma:One every 1,000 people develop a lipoma, according to Cleveland Clinic. (9) You can get them at any age, but are more likely in adults aged 40 to 60.

Lymphoma:Non-Hodgkin lymphoma（（NHL) is one of themost common cancersin the US, according to the American Cancer Society. (19）In 2020, about 77,240 people will be diagnosed with NHL. Men account for more diagnoses compared with women.

Favorite Organizations for Essential Skin Lumps Info

American Academy of Dermatology

AAD提供有关皮肤，头发和指甲状况的最新信息，如何保护皮肤免受癌症的影响以及在任何年龄段关心皮肤。

Skin Cancer Foundation

皮肤癌是全球最常见的癌症。获取非黑色素瘤和黑色素瘤皮肤癌的事实，统计，预防策略和治疗方法。

Skin of Color Society

Provides education for African Americans, Asians, Hispanics or Latinos, Native Indians and Pacific Islanders on skin diseases and their causes. The organization also seeks to clear up misinformation on treatments for skin conditions.

American Cancer Society

Stay current on the types of cancer, their causes, treatments, and prognosis. Read about the latest in cancer research and breakthrough treatment. The organization also has a 24/7/365 live helpline when you need it.

Favorite App for Skin Lump Info

Aysa

Upload a photo of your skin concern via your smartphone and enter your symptoms. The app then gives a few possible matches of what it could be. It does not replace a visit with your dermatologist, but it can help make your internet search easier.

最喜欢的在线皮肤肿块信息

第一个真皮

这是一个在线门户网站,在那里你可以上传一个越南河粉to of your skin concern, which gets sent to a board-certified dermatologist for review. (The fee starts at $29.95.) Someone will reply within 24 hours, and you’ll either have peace of mind about your lump, bump, or lesion, or you’ll be directed to an in-person dermatologist for more help.

Favorite Videos for Skin Lump Info

Dr. Sandra Lee (aka Dr. Pimple Popper) YouTube

The videos are definitely gross-you-out, but this board-certified dermatologist has nearly seven million subscribers to her YouTube channel. Dr. Pimple Popper extracts all types of cysts, lipomas, and acne lesions. If you can handle watching, it’ll provide insight as to what’s going on with your skin — and how it may be removed.