青光眼的症状是什么，如何诊断？

Glaucoma是一种严重的眼睛状况，其中视神经受损，通常是由于眼睛的压力增加所致。

Although glaucoma usually doesn't cause obvious symptoms at first, some early warning signs may indicate its onset. (1)

提示青光眼治疗，您可能能够预防或减慢外围或侧视视觉的损失。外围视力丧失（也称为外围场缺陷）可能会恶化为隧道视觉。当唯一可用的视觉是来自眼中的中心时，它会产生通过管或隧道看见的效果。（（2)

If glaucoma continues without treatment, your vision — even when looking straight ahead — can worsen until you become totally blind. Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of blindness, along with年龄相关性黄斑变性andcataracts。（（3)

去看眼科医生（ophthalmologist）如果您注意到这些警告标志，请立即进行全面检查：

• 难以将您的视力调整到黑暗的房间
• Trouble focusing on near or far objects
• 对光或眩光的异常敏感
• Squinting or blinking at a bright light or a glare
• 改变虹膜的颜色（眼睛的彩色部分）
• Red-rimmed, encrusted, or swollen eyelids
• Persistent pain in or around your eyes
• Double vision
• Dark spot at the center of your vision
• Seeing lines and edges that seem wavy or distorted
• Excess tearing orwatery eyes
• 干眼睛痒或燃烧
• 查看景点或类似鬼的图像

Seek emergency medical attention if you experience any of the following symptoms:

• Severe headache and eye pain
• Sudden loss of vision in one eye
• 突然的朦胧或模糊视力
• Flashes of light or black spots in your vision
• Halos or rainbows around light in your vision

Symptoms may come and go at first, or worsen over time. (4)

Regular eye exams by an eye doctor are the best way to detect glaucoma.

美国眼科学会（AAO）建议每个人在40岁之前或如果您患有眼病的危险因素，例如高血压或糖尿病，请尽快接受基线眼检查。（（5)

During an eye exam, the doctor will collect a patient’s medical history and check several factors, including visual acuity (sharpness of vision based on how well the patient can read an eye chart). Following on a comprehensive eye exam, the doctor can advise you on how often to have your eyes checked.

The AAO recommends glaucoma screening:

• 每四年在40岁时开始,如果你不have any risk factors
• 如果您超过65岁或高风险，则每两年一次（6)

在您访问期间，眼科医生可能会执行多种不同的程序，包括：

扩张

Your doctor will use special eye drops to widen your pupils, which allows more light to enter the eye and makes it easier for the doctor to examine the back of your eye.

在青光眼患者中，全面的扩张检查可能显示出视神经纤维的形状和颜色变化。（（7)

In addition to detecting glaucoma, dilation makes it easier for your doctor to diagnose other diseases — including retinopathy due to diabetes or high blood pressure, a detached retina, or macular degeneration — at their earliest stages.

The National Eye Institute (NEI) recommends that people age 60 and older get an annual dilated eye exam. (7)

重要的是要知道扩张可以模糊您的视力，并使您的眼睛对光更敏感。这可能会影响您阅读，开车或工作几个小时的能力。

Other tests used to detect glaucoma include:

该测试可以测量眼睛内部的压力。这是无痛的，会导致最小的不适。

测试的最准确形式测量了短暂扁平角膜区域所需的力（眼睛正面的透明层）。

First, your doctor will use eye drops to numb the surface of your eye and apply an orange dye to temporarily stain the eye.

然后，您的医生将在您面前放置一种称为缝隙灯的乐器。将下巴和额头放在支撑架上，随着缝隙灯向前移动，直到设备的尖端触摸您的角膜，使您的头保持稳定。

A blue light on the lamp makes the orange dye glow green. Your doctor will look though an eyepiece on the lamp, and adjust a dial on the device to read your eye pressure.

Doctors can instead use a hand-held, pencil-shaped device that touches your eye and instantly records the pressure.

Another way to measure eye pressure is with a device that shoots a puff of air into your eye. As you stare into the machine, the doctor shines a light into your eye, and then you'll feel a quick puff of air.

这种方法不会引起不适。机器根据空气撞到眼睛时的光反射如何变化来测量眼睛压力。（（8)

在此过程中，您的医生使用特殊的隐形眼镜检查了眼睛的排水角度。角度是角膜和虹膜相遇的地方。（（9)

This procedure lets your doctor examine the back of your eye (known as the fundus), including the retina, optic disc, and blood vessels. (10)

A probe called a pachymeter is used to measure the thickness of the cornea. Corneal thickness is important because it can affect the reading of intraocular eye pressure (IOP). High eye pressure is a risk factor for glaucoma. People with thin corneas may have inaccurately low IOP readings, while people with thick corneas may show a higher-than-actual IOP. (11)

Also known as a visual field test, this procedure measures the scope of central and peripheral vision and detects blind spots. (12)

Additional reporting byGeorge Vernadakis。