甲状腺功能亢进的症状和诊断

过度活跃的甲状腺会导致意外的减肥，心悸，焦虑等。了解符号是什么以及如何检测到条件。

Hyperthyroidism is caused by an overproduction of甲状腺激素。（1) Unfortunately, the symptoms of hyperthyroidism can resemble those of other health problems, making the condition difficult to diagnose.

甲状腺功能亢进可以造成一些功能在您的身体中加速。通常，患有甲状腺功能亢进的人认为他们只是紧张或bob bet体育 。

“The most common symptoms are heart palpitations, weight loss, diarrhea, heat intolerance, feeling shaky, and trouble sleeping,” saysGregory Dodell, MD, an assistant clinical professor of medicine, endocrinology, diabetes, and bone disease at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York City. “It can also disrupt the menstrual cycle and cause hair thinning.”

年龄较大的成年人，以及被称为药物的人beta-blockers，不太可能与甲状腺功能亢进症的其他人体验其告密迹象。甲状腺功能亢进症通常会缓慢进行。然而，在年轻人中，症状可能会更快地发展。（1）

The thyroid gland is complex, and the symptoms and diagnosis of hyperthyroidism can be just as complicated. It’s important to understand some of the basic signs of hyperthyroidism so you can talk to your doctor about diagnostic tests.

Signs and Symptoms That May Indicate Hyperthyroidism

Minor fluctuations in thyroid hormones can be normal. For example, your thyroid may release more thyroxine to help your body stay warm when temperatures drop. Or you might see an increase inthyroid hormone在怀孕期间生产。（2)

These kinds of variations, though, aren’t typically enough to make your thyroid gland go into full overdrive. Hyperthyroidism is caused by long-term overactivity.

您可能不知道您有甲状腺功能亢进，直到您的医生检测到年度血型中的甲状腺激素的异常水平。但在某些情况下，您可能能够根据您可能经历的不寻常症状来讲述某些事情，包括以下内容：（1）

• 突然，无意减肥
• Increased appetite
• Nervousness or anxiety
• Pounding, rapid, or心律不齐（通常每分钟100次或更多）
• 震颤（特别是在你手中）
• Sweating
• 困难睡觉
• Sensitivity to heat
• 脱发
• 脆弱，稀薄的头发
• 稀疏皮肤
• 肌肉无力
• 更频繁的排便
• 错过了月经期，或月经模式的变化
• Enlarged thyroid腺(甲状腺肿)
• Bulging eyes, sensitivity to light, or视力模糊（in people withGraves' ophthalmopathy)

Graves’ ophthalmopathy (also known as thyroid eye disease) is a symptom of Graves’ disease, an autoimmune condition that causes hyperthyroidism. The distinctive bulging of the eyes associated with Graves’ ophthalmopathy isn’t as common as many people believe.

“Not all patients with hyperthyroidism develop eye manifestations," says Dr. Dodell. Figures vary, with some studies noting that 25 to 50 percent of people with Graves’ disease experience ophthalmic manifestations, while Dodell says that in his personal experience, the incidence is about 10 to 20 percent. (1,3) Other eye symptoms include redness, inflammation, and frequent tearing. This is all caused by tissue and muscle swelling that occurs behind your eyes. Graves’ ophthalmopathy is more common in hyperthyroid patients who also smoke. (1)

There are also some similarities between甲状腺功能亢进和甲状腺功能亢进, orunderactive thyroid。根据Dodell的说法，这些包括月经周期中断，疲劳，头发变化和情绪变化。仍然，甲状腺功能亢进generally causes opposite symptoms, such as cold intolerance and unintentional weight gain. The only way to really know whether you have a thyroid issue is to get the right tests to check your hormone levels.

The Tests You Need for a Diagnosis of Hyperthyroidism

甲状腺功能亢进症有时会在年度物理期间发现。如果他们开始经历任何上述症状，其他患者可能具体地看待他们的医生 - 特别是快速心跳和无意减肥。（1）

有时这些症状可能与完全单独的健康状况有关，因此重要的是要看医生统治这些问题。要检查甲状腺功能亢进，您的医生可以执行以下任何程序：

Physical examYour doctor will examine your thyroid gland as you swallow, to determine whether it's enlarged, tender, or bumpy. (1)

Your doctor may also check for tremors in your fingers, overactive reflexes, changes in your eyes, a rapid heartbeat, or warm and moist skin. (1)

Blood test血液测试that measure levels of thyroxine and triiodothyronine (hormones made by the thyroid gland) and甲状腺刺激激素（TSH）may be used to diagnose hyperthyroidism. (4,5)

The first step is to measureTSH levels。TSH is produced by the pituitary gland in your brain, which sends signals to the thyroid gland to make hormones. A low TSH level (in this context) means that your pituitary gland isn’t releasing a normal amount of the hormone. This may be because of excess thyroid hormones in the body, which may indicate that your thyroid is overactive. (There are other, non-thyroid related causes of low TSH, as well.) TSH is especially important to measure in people who don’t necessarily have the classic symptoms of hyperthyroidism. (1,4,5)

After TSH is measured, your doctor will check out other thyroid hormone levels. These blood tests are often ordered all at the same time for convenience. If you have hyperthyroidism, you may have too much thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). This is coupled with低的TSH levels. (1,5)

有时升高的T4水平是由您服用的药物引起的。这些包括口服避孕药。怀孕也可能由于提升而导致T4升高雌激素。另一方面，corticosteroids严重疾病可以降低T4水平。这就是为什么你的医生看看所有相关的甲状腺激素都很重要，以便在甲状腺发生与你发生的事情完整的照片。（5）

最后的血液测试测量甲状腺抗体。这些有助于诊断自身免疫性疾病坟墓疾病。血换中甲状腺抗体的存在可能表明您的免疫系统通过错误地攻击甲状腺。（5）

Radioactive iodine uptake testThis test is used to determine what's causing your hyperthyroidism. It checks how much iodine your thyroid gland absorbs. (1,4)

You'll swallow a small dose of radioactive iodine and have your thyroid gland checked after 2 to 6 hours or 24 hours. This is done painlessly using a device called agammaprobe, which resembles a microphone and is positioned on the outside of your neck. (1)

A high uptake of radioactive iodine suggests that your thyroid gland is producing too much thyroxine, likely due to Graves' disease or hyperfunctioning甲状腺结节（lumps on the thyroid that can release thyroid hormones). (1)

如果您的放射性碘摄取较低，并且您有甲状腺功能亢进，您可能患有甲状腺炎（甲状腺炎症）。

Thyroid scan该测试拍摄了甲状腺的照片，以确定其尺寸，形状和位置。它可以帮助医生找到cause of hyperthyroidismand check for thyroid nodules. (1)

“甲状腺机能亢进be caused by what we call a hot nodule,” says Dodell. “This means a nodule that is over-secreting thyroid hormone. This area will be demonstrated on the scan.”

您将有一个放射性同位素注入静脉（在肘部或手中）。然后，特殊的相机将在计算机屏幕上生成甲状腺的图像。有时，医生同时进行甲状腺扫描和放射性碘上摄取测试。（1）

其他扫描Your doctor may perform other scans, such as CT orultrasound, to get a better view of your thyroid gland or examine a large goiter.

An ultrasound can help your doctor take a fine needlebiopsy在物理考试或初始甲状腺扫描期间发现的结节。您的医生将用超声波的指导将针放入结节中。然后将样品送到实验室以筛选癌症。甲状腺结节通常不会癌，但你的医生可能想要统治这一点。（3）整个过程大约需要30分钟。（5）

While it can take time to diagnose hyperthyroidism, it’s important that you follow through with all the recommended tests your doctor orders. This will help determine the exact cause of anoveractive thyroidgland so you can start effective treatment.