什么是手臂疼痛？症状，原因，诊断，治疗和预防

手臂疼痛可能是由多种问题引起的，包括影响您的皮肤，关节，神经，肌肉，静脉或心脏的疾病。手臂疼痛的人可能会感到酸痛，瘙痒，麻木，肿胀或手臂不适。

手臂疼痛通常是由于受伤，刺激或炎症会影响手臂的结构，或者可能是颈部或上脊柱。日常活动 - 包括打字，写作，使用工具，玩运动，举起重物或运动 - 可能会导致手臂疼痛。

Symptoms that may occur with arm pain include:

• 发红或瘀伤
• Tingling
• 麻木
• 弱点
• Stiffness
• 肿胀
• Tenderness
• Limited range of motion
• 手臂下肿胀的淋巴腺

• Angina
• Brachial plexus injury
• 断臂
• Broken wrist or broken hand
• Bursitis
• 腕管综合症
• Cervical (neck) disk herniation
• De Quervain's tenosynovitis
• Deep vein thrombosis of upper extremity
• Dislocated elbow
• Pinched nerve (nerve compression)
• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Rotator cuff injury
• Sprains and strains
• 肌腱炎
• 网球肘
• 胸腔出口综合征

众所周知，某些因素会增加重复应激损伤和神经夹紧的手臂疼痛的风险。这些因素包括：

Being a WomanWomen have smaller carpal tunnels, and are therefore at a higher risk for developing carpal tunnel syndrome.

Thyroid ProblemsThyroid disordersalso increase the腕管综合症的风险，原因尚不完全清楚。

糖尿病Nerve damage related to diabetes may raise the risk of nerve compression.

肥胖更大的体重会给神经带来更大的压力，从而增加压缩风险。

怀孕Weight gain associated with pregnancy can also put extra pressure on nerves.

Since arm pain can be a symptom of many different disorders, it’s important to get an accurate diagnosis if your pain is persistent or causes you distress.

To diagnose a condition that causes arm pain, your doctor will ask detailed questions about your symptoms and activities and perform a physical exam. If needed, your doctor will order imaging tests that may include the following:

磁共振成像（MRI）该测试使用磁场和无线电波来创建身体区域的详细图像。

Ultrasound该测试使用声波来产生体内结构的图像，可用于诊断诸如腕管综合症之类的压缩综合症。

Nerve Conduction Study当应用少量电流时，该过程测量神经冲动，以检测神经受损。

手臂疼痛的预后

您的手臂疼痛有多严重，持续多长时间以及是否可能自行解决或需要某种形式的治疗取决于潜在的状况。

某些形式的手臂疼痛可能会自行解决，尤其是如果您不定期从事导致受伤的活动。在其他情况下，您可能需要避免或修改重复活动以允许进行恢复。您可能需要进行身体或职业疗法。

手臂疼痛可能仅限几天，或者长达几个月或几年，具体取决于导致其严重程度的状况。它可能是恒定的，也可能会来去去。

如果您的疼痛持续时间超过几天并干扰您的日常活动，那么最好看医生寻求治疗建议并调查可能的诊断。

For many forms of arm pain, self-care and over-the-counter treatments are enough to effectively resolve the pain.

If you have arm pain from overexertion or a compressed nerve, avoid repetitive movements and take frequent breaks from activities that stress the area.

对于由于过度使用或过度劳累而引起的手臂疼痛，请记住缩写米：

Rest休息一下您的正常活动。

冰Place an ice pack or bag of frozen peas on the sore area for 15 to 20 minutes, three times a day.

CompressionUse a compression bandage to reduce swelling.

什么时候去看医生

Seek emergency treatment if your arm, shoulder, elbow, or wrist pain is the result of severe trauma or comes on suddenly. If you have trouble moving your arm or see protruding bones, see your doctor right away, or go to the nearest emergency room.

Sudden arm, shoulder, chest, or背疼，，，，accompanied by pressure in your chest, may signal a heart attack, and you should call 911 and seek emergency treatment immediately. Do not drive yourself to the hospital if you think you are having a heart attack.

如果您有：请尽快去看医生：

• Pain that occurs with exertion and is relieved by rest (this may indicate reduced blood flow to your heart)
• 突然受伤
• Severe pain and swelling
• 难以移动或旋转手臂

Medication Options

常见的非处方药以缓解手臂疼痛包括acetaminophenand非甾体类抗炎药（NSAIDS）， 如阿司匹林or布洛芬。

Depending on the source of your arm pain, your doctor may administer drug treatments to help relieve inflammation, such as an injection ofcorticosteroids。

物理疗法

Some conditions that cause arm pain, including many chronic tendon conditions, may benefit from physical therapy.

A physical therapist can work with you to identify activities or other factors that may be contributing to your condition, and develop specific exercises to help you strengthen and stretch the affected muscles and tendons.

手术

虽然通常不是一线治疗方法，但如果其他治疗方法无法有效缓解手臂疼痛，手术可能是最好的选择。

腕管综合症可能会受益于手术，从而通过切割压力的韧带来减轻中位神经的压力。

Alternative and Complementary Therapies

• Acupuncture
• 催眠
• 生物反馈
• Relaxation training

Prevention of Arm Pain

Not all forms of arm pain can be prevented, but some of the most common conditions that cause arm pain are related to straining or overuse.

Reduce your force.If you’re typing or operating a cash register, don’t hit the keys too hard.

放松抓地力。不要掌握完成手头任务所需的笔，手柄或其他任何东西。

Take breaks.甚至短暂休息从重复性的任务可以帮助you avoid injury, especially if you use these moments to stretch and bend your hands and wrists.

Watch your form and posture.不要朝任何方向弯曲手腕，也不要在执行任务时弯腰向前。

Stay warm.Keep your hands warm when doing tasks, and wear gloves if needed.

混合运动。Don’t do the same kind of exercise over and over, day after day. A varied exercise routine is less likely to cause injury.

Stretch after exercise.一旦肌肉变暖，就可以增加运动范围。

Aches and pains in your arm, shoulder, or wrist can make it difficult to write, type, talk on the phone, or go about your daily activities.

如果未诊断和未经治疗，某些类型的损伤和炎症可能会导致严重的组织损伤，需要手术或其他广泛的治疗。

Since arm pain can have so many different causes, there isn’t much data available on how common it is overall. But there are some indicators that it’s quite common.

Some of the most common conditions associated with arm pain include the following:

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome这种情况是由中位神经的压缩引起的，该神经穿过手腕和手臂。症状可能包括这些区域的无力，麻木和刺痛。

肌腱炎Tendons around your shoulders, elbows, or wrists can become irritated or inflamed due to repetitive movements.

The following organizations provide information and support for people experiencing arm pain and related disorders:

美国神经肌肉和电诊断医学协会

该医学协会致力于推进神经肌肉和肌肉骨骼疾病的治疗。它的网站包含有关许多疾病的信息，包括腕管综合症和尺骨neuropathy。

American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons

该组代表专门研究肌肉骨骼系统的外科医生，提供了有关影响肩膀，肘部，手和手腕的特定疾病的信息，包括骨折，肌腱损伤和不同类型的关节炎。

美国手术学会

这个手部外科医生在其网站上概述了许多不同的状况，包括骨折，扭伤和神经损伤，以及麻木和腕部疼痛等症状。

关节炎基础

This leading arthritis research and advocacy organization provides information on joint conditions affecting the hands and arms, and also has详细资源on managing pain.

其他报告奎因·菲利普斯（Quinn Phillips）。