新研究表明，流行的keto饮食可能有助于抵挡influenza感染。
Thestudy from Yale University, published November 15 in the journalScience Immunology，发现小鼠喂了一个酮味饮食(low in carbohydrates but high in fat with moderate protein) were better able to fight off the flu compared with mice given foods that were high in carbs.
“这项研究表明，身体燃烧脂肪的方式从我们吃的食物中生产酮体可以促进免疫系统来对抗流感感染，”联合高级作者说Vishwa深武断的话,博士学位，兽医兽医医生和耶鲁，康涅狄格州新避风港的耶鲁大学比较医学和免疫学教授statement.
How the Keto Diet Works
酮般的饮食计划通过大幅限制碳水化合物的摄入量（如面包，意大利面和糖果），帮助人们脱掉牛，同时增加了肉类，乳制品，脂肪和非级别蔬菜的消费。
饮食将身体放入称为代谢状态ketosis, in which the liver breaks down fat into an energy source called酮，燃料在没有葡萄糖的情况下燃料。
已经显示了这种类型的饮食计划帮助维持血糖水平in people with type 2 diabetes. There is also some evidence,such as a study inFederal Practitioner2017年2月, that a keto diet may improve tumor response in cancer patients.
Another在2017年戴维斯的加利福尼亚大学学习发现，与高碳水化合物饮食的小鼠相比，高脂饮食的小鼠具有13％的寿命。
Understanding How Keto May Affect the Flu Virus
In the latest study, Dr. Dixit and his collaborators observed that the ketogenic diet blocked the formation of inflammasomes, which are immune system activators that can cause harmful immune system responses.
Seeing this response, the scientists set out to test how the diet might affect the flu virus.
研究人员喂食一群感染的小鼠，含有少于1％的碳水化合物的甲基尿。另一组受感染的小鼠接受了58％的碳水化合物的标准饮食。
酮味的饮食促使释放gammaDelta T细胞，产生的免疫系统细胞粘液在肺的细胞束中;但高碳水化合物饮食没有。根据研究人员称，粘液的增加有助于捕获和消除系统的流感病毒。
研究人员还发现，keto饮食不提供针对特异性染色的小鼠的流感病毒的保护，没有这些γδtt细胞。这证实了这些细胞在避免流感方面发挥着关键作用。
“We have no idea yet why the gamma delta T cells appear to become activated by the keto diet. This is something we’ll be pursuing in the future,” says Emily Goldberg, PhD, a postdoctoral associate at the Yale School of Medicine who collaborated on the research.
“高碳水化合物饮食倾向于刺激抑制免疫功能的炎症标志物，”Jan Rystrom, RD, a certified diabetes educator at the Swedish Medical Center in Seattle, who was not involved in the Yale study. “This could be the mechanism that the低碳水化合物饮食地址。“
另一方面，一些营养师和医学专家believe that a low-carb diet can compromise the immune system. A lack of carbs may lead to a lack of energy and weaken a person’s health overall. There is also evidence that a keto diet can be harmful to the gut microbiome, which is essential to overall well-being.
Rystrom指出，keto饮食可以有很多变化，并且更为“植物前进”的饮食可能促进更健康的肠道微生物群。
“一般来说，这种情况是，免疫系统应该需要增加葡萄糖利用，以便对感染有效的免疫应答，”Goldberg博士说。“重要的是要记住，仍然存在葡萄糖可用性，虽然是非常有限的，即使在keto饮食中也是如此。”
流感疫苗仍ns the Best Protection
Although Rystrom suggests that the Yale study supports the anti-inflammatory effect of nutritional ketosis, she adds that a keto diet “certainly would not be a first line treatment [for flu].”
威廉·施瓦德纳，MD,an infectious-disease specialist at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee, has not seen significant data connecting diet with flu protection.
“It’s a very intriguing study,” says Dr. Schaffner. “If we can learn more about how the body fights flu, we can get smarter about如何治疗流感也许可以防止它。“
他指出，有证据表明肥胖可能导致流感疫苗的反应较弱，因此可能表明饮食如何影响流感保护。
Research is needed in humans, however, to validate that the keto diet can effectively protect against the flu.
“People are not the same as mice. Thirty thousand to 40,000 people die in the United States each year from influenza,” says Len Horovitz, MD, a pulmonary specialist at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York City. “There’s no substitute for protection better than aflu shot!”
