医生如何诊断鼻病 - 以及为什么疾病可能是难以识别的

“Narcolepsy is often misdiagnosed as not getting enough sleep,” saysEric Olson，MD那associate professor of medicine, sleep medicine specialist at the Mayo Clinic, and board member of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM).

在许多情况下，困倦的人不寻求帮助，有时多年来，因为他们认为困扰并不是他们可能有疾病的标志。“症状轻度症状的人不会去看医生，”Emmanuel Mignot, MD那a professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences at Stanford University in California and the director of the Stanford Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine.

当他们看医生进行检查或疾病时，他们甚至可能甚至没有提到他们的慢性白天嗜睡。“患者可能不会与他们的医生带来，”奥尔森博士说。

但白天嗜睡是一个问题，你应该与你的医生谈论，奥尔森说，以及任何其他症状可能是发芽红旗，包括：

• Cataplexy — a sudden loss of muscle tone and control typically triggered by strong emotions like joy, surprise, excitement, terror, or anger
• Hallucinations
• 睡眠麻痹，这有时可以与幻觉同时发生

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如果你正在经历的症状可能narcolepsy, the first step is telling your primary care doctor. He or she will likely ask any or all of the following questions to understand more about what you are experiencing and whether or not you should see a sleep medicine specialist:

• What does your typicalsleep schedule看起来像？
• Do you have trouble falling asleep or staying asleep?
• Do you feel fatigued or experience sleepiness during the day?
• 您是否经历过其他鼻病症状，如催化剂，幻觉或睡眠瘫痪？
• What medication are you taking? Some medications, such as pain relievers containing caffeine,antidepressants， 或者antihistamines那can disrupt your sleep and cause daytime drowsiness.
• Do you use drugs or alcohol? How much? How often?
• Have you recently suffered an infection (such asthe flu) or brain injury? Do you have an autoimmune disorder? These are factors that could potentially lead to narcolepsy.
• 你有任何患有鼻腔的亲戚，或者有可能患有可能鼻腔的症状，但从未被诊断出现？（而Narclepsy不是遗传性的，而杀菌疾病的遗传性差异可能是继承的，因此摩尼多博士说。）

It’s important to know that your doctor may not ask about daytime fatigue or your sleep during a regular checkup, but it’s not normal to not be getting restful, restorative sleep on a regular basis. You should bring up sleep complaints with your doctor.

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To help determine if your sleep complaints might be narcolepsy, your doctor may ask you to keep a sleep diary for a few weeks that tracks how many hours you sleep each night, when you sleep, how quickly you fall asleep at night, whether you experience sleepiness during the day, and whether (and how much) you nap during the day.

In most cases, primary care doctors will recommend you see a sleep medicine specialist to further discuss your symptoms and make a narcolepsy diagnosis. But some primary care doctors do have sleep medicine expertise and may be able to make a diagnosis themselves.

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In addition to a medical exam and family history, doctors rely on two sleep tests that are performed at a sleep center to look for the cause of the symptoms and determine whether you have narcolepsy or another sleep disorder, explainsShelley Hershner, MD是一位神经内科助理教授和安娜堡密歇根大学的大学睡眠诊所主任，他在AASM上致力于疯狂的血统质量指标。

Polysomnogram.对于多重导数，患者在睡眠中心停留过夜，而技术人员记录其大脑活动，心率，血压和眼睛运动的数据。测试可以帮助确定您是否sleep cycle is normal- 进入NREM然后在一个小时或更长时间后进入REM - 或者它表明NarChepsy（你迅速入睡并进入Rem Sleep，然后彻底睡着了睡着了）。

Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT)这个全天测试是在多士组图中的第二天完成的，它旨在衡量您在白天期间的困倦。它决定了在整个夜晚睡眠状态（实验室中的前一天晚上）后睡着了速度的速度，并且还测量一个人睡着的速度，并在白天午睡期间进入REM睡眠。

Before the test, your doctor will likely order blood and urine tests to screen for substances that can cause false positives.

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奥尔森说，患有鼻腔的人可能会避免生命中的一些乐趣，如笑声，例如笑声，导致兴奋的活动，甚至是性行为的。“它可能是生命限制的。”

For all these reasons, don't ignore symptoms, and get an accurate diagnosis.