为了改善饮食习惯或减肥，很多人都转向他们的朋友，家人或互联网进行指导。然而，卫生专家小组暗示，如果医生通过筛查常规约会期间筛选较差的饮食习惯，可以防止或更好地管理与饮食有关的慢性疾病。毕竟，饮食质量影响心脏病，肥胖和其他严重健康状况的风险，写作作者，谁在2020年8月发布的发言Circulation.
“Dietary patterns and quality are not sufficiently prioritized when addressing modifiable risk factors during regular health care office visits,” saysMaya Vadiveloo, PhD, RD, an assistant professor in nutrition and food sciences at the University of Rhode Island in Kingston and lead author of the new statement. “Given the evidence that diet contributes to disease and mortality, it is a risk factor worth screening for continuously,” Vadiveloo adds.
美国心脏协会承认这一切不一定很容易，并指出缺乏对预防疾病中饮食作用的理解并不是因患者而阻止大多数医生的东西。根据AHA的说法，在简短的办公室访问期间，真正保持这些讨论的缺乏时间缺乏时间，这是如何提供营养咨询的培养，有限的选择，以及注册营养师的患者，以及Scant保险范围。
“However, these barriers can be overcome,” Vadiveloo says.
RELATED:Why Are Healthy Eating Habits Important?
如何快速筛选工具可以帮助识别较差的饮食习惯
To make routine diet screenings easier for doctors to do, the AHA vetted 15 different tools that focus on the total diet instead of single food groups or nutrients. The goal was to find screening tools that take less than 10 minutes to complete, can be used by clinicians without nutrition training, provide immediate guidance on healthy dietary changes, and link to electronic health records to track eating habits over time.
虽然AHA没有认可一个特定的工具，但三个选项奠定了提供饮食习惯的最佳快速快照：
- 鲍威尔和格林伯格筛选工具This asks two questions about fruit and vegetable consumption and sugary food and juice intake.
- 快速吃Participa评估nts-Shortened (REAP-S)这请触摸全谷物，水果和蔬菜的份量，以及烹饪和零食习惯的15个问题。
- 地中海Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS)This asks 14 questions that cover consumption of healthy fats likeolive oil，水果和蔬菜，鱼和红肉。
RELATED:The Best and Worst Fats for Heart Health
Screening Tools Work, Scientific Evidence Shows
Research dating back several decades has linked diet screening and counseling in the doctor’s office to a range of positive health outcomes, including reductions in body weight, blood pressure, blood sugar, and cholesterol, the AHA notes.
Previous research例如，发现从医生营养咨询的参与者重量较低，消耗较少饱和脂肪, and had降低胆固醇than individuals who didn’t receive this support.
A more recent review by the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force联系饮食和锻炼在心血管疾病的高风险风险下，胆固醇，血压，血糖和体重结果的改善辅导。
A.study published in April 2019 in应用生理学，营养和新陈代谢found dietary assessment and counseling was associated with increased consumption of fruits, vegetables, andnuts, as well as reduced intake of processed baked goods.
RELATED:不吃足够的水果和蔬菜有助于心血管风险
医生需要在营养咨询中培训
然而，对于常规饮食筛查和咨询在初级保健环境中工作，医生需要知道如何提供个性化的营养建议，说Susan Roberts, PhD，美国农业营养中心大学的高级科学家，在马萨诸塞州德福德省塔夫茨大学和创始人iDietweight management program.
“医生在给予超出总体的健康饮食建议时，理想情况下，如果医生正在进行这种筛查，他们将获得教育，以帮助他们根据结果提供良好的建议，”罗伯茨博士说，他不是一个作者目前的纸张。
罗伯茨说，医生需要将患者提交给营养咨询的注册营养师，这可能很难获得或承受的患者。
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How to Self-Evaluate Your Diet and Improve Your Eating Habits
If your doctor doesn’t offer diet screening or counseling at your next checkup,AHA dietary guidelinesavailable online may help you see where there’s room for improvement in your eating habits, says Vadiveloo.
Broadly speaking, the AHA recommends a diet rich in a variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, low-fat dairy products, skinless poultry and fish, nuts, and legumes. A healthy diet also limits saturated and trans fats, sodium, red meat, sweets, and sodas and other sugary drinks.
熟悉这些心健康标准的饮食模式包括膳食途径停止Hypertension(短跑） 和地中海根据AHA的说法，饮食计划。
RELATED:如何为更健康的心脏饮食
