严重的哮喘发作通常具有类似于温和攻击的症状，但它们更严重，可能不会对治疗做出反应。
呼吸困难和wheezingare hallmark哮喘的迹象。But not everyone experiences asthma and asthma symptoms in the same way.
A诊断哮喘根据症状的严重程度，症状发生的频率以及对治疗的反应程度，被归类为轻度，中度或严重玛丽亚·R·斯特雷克（Maria R. Streck），医学博士，是南卡罗来纳州芒特普莱森特山的本·索耶初级保健的过敏症和免疫学家，该医学院是南卡罗来纳州医科大学的一部分。
斯特雷克博士解释说，对于任何类别的哮喘，症状可能是间歇性的（有时意味着人会出现症状，而其他时间则没有）或持续存在（这意味着该人总是经历症状）。
Anyone with asthma is at risk of having anasthma attack(sometimes also called an “asthma exacerbation” or “flare-up”), when the muscles around the airways contract and the airways produce more mucus, which narrows the bronchial tubes through which we breathe, according toMayo Clinic。其他哮喘症状（例如咳嗽，喘息，呼吸急促，胸部的收紧）在哮喘发作期间往往会恶化。
如果家庭治疗的症状变得更好，则可能认为哮喘发作可能很小。当他们不进行时，攻击被认为是严重的。任何患有哮喘的人都可以遭受严重的哮喘发作。
Even if someone has baseline mild asthma, they can have a severe exacerbation or attack, says Streck. “Sometimes people with a mild case of asthma that is generally very well-controlled can have attacks that are very severe,” she says.
There are three main components to an asthma attack, says Streck.
- 排队的光滑肌肉夹住。
- 气道膨胀并发炎。
- 粘液产生in the airways increases.
攻击是severeif it is difficult to control and manage with at-home treatment.
斯特雷克说，许多事情可能导致严重的哮喘发作。而且，通常，导致严重哮喘发作的相同类型的触发因素会导致剧烈攻击。
Streck说，攻击可以是对暴露于您周围的事物或环境的回应。诸如大香水，篝火或清洁化学物质之类的刺激性可能会引发哮喘发作。斯特雷克说：“对于某些运动引起的哮喘的人来说，运动或劳累有时会引起哮喘。”
她说：“对于有过敏的患者，如果他们遇到猫，狗或花粉等触发因素，则会引起哮喘发作。”寒冷的天气也可以带来一集。她补充说：“病毒感染或上呼吸道感染会引发严重的哮喘发作。”
根据美国过敏，哮喘和免疫学学院（AAAI）的说法，许多患有哮喘的人可以正常进行日常活动，但是如果发生严重的加剧，可能需要住院或变成危及生命的紧急情况。
When you’re diagnosed with asthma, your doctor should create and review with you an asthma action plan of what to do if symptoms flare up, such as using a rescueinhaler或雾化器，根据Mayo Clinic。If symptoms don’t go away soon or get worse, you should seek immediate medical attention.
几个迹象可能表明您患有严重的哮喘发作。请记住，根据个人的不同国立卫生研究院（NIH）。Here we review the most common symptoms of a severe attack, and what each might feel or look like.
Severe Wheezing
斯特雷克说，通常喘息是你听不到的声音 - 这更多的是医生用听诊器捡起的噪音。她说：“如果一个人听到喘息的声音，这意味着在整个房间里，您可以听到噪音，这是严重哮喘发作的标志。”她说：“通常，当该人呼吸时，会发生喘息的声音，因此在有效期内，他们也可以在吮吸空气时发出声音。”
This noise is caused by the inflammation and narrowing of airways, according to theNIH。
咳嗽的适合或咳嗽不会停止
In a coughing fit brought on by a severe asthma attack, the person can’t catch their breath; they just keep coughing, says Streck. “They can’t clear their throat to make it better. The咳嗽只是继续前进，”她说。她说，这更多是断断续续的咳嗽，听起来很紧密干燥。
Rapid Breathing
当哮喘发作变得更加严重时，呼吸会变得更加迅速。“发生这种情况时，一个人无法控制呼吸速度；他们只是想快速呼吸以补偿。” Streck说。她说，速度的迅速是该人只想驶入空气的结果。
根据美国哮喘和过敏基金会。斯特雷克说，当我们拉起一个人的衬衫时，我们可以明显地看到缩回的东西，当他们吸气时，皮肤在胸部或肋骨周围吮吸。
Feelings of Panic or Anxiety
斯特雷克说，随着呼吸变得更加困难，焦虑会加剧。她说，当您缺乏大脑的氧气时，很自然地开始感到恐慌。
压力和焦虑也是哮喘发作的常见触发因素。克利夫兰诊所。
Chest Tightness or Pressure
斯特雷克说，在严重的哮喘发作中，有时患者有时会感到胸部的压力很大。她说：“对于某些人来说，感觉好像有人站在他们的胸前。”
Difficulty Talking
In a severe asthma attack,斯特雷克说，呼吸和持续咳嗽的困难可能会使人难以判处完整的句子。她说：“因为他们无法呼吸，他们试图说出话语时可能会施加压力。”
蓝色的嘴唇或指甲
斯特雷克说，在非常严重的攻击中，某人的嘴唇或指甲床可能会变成蓝色。
When you’re having a hard time getting enough oxygen, the oxygen will first go to the organs that are vital to life, she says. “The heart, lungs, and brain are still trying to get the oxygen as much as possible. Your fingernails and your lips can start turning blue because they’re not getting the oxygen like they’re supposed to,” says Streck. “If this happens it’s a severe sign that a person is not doing well. They’re not getting enough oxygen in their extremities.”
Pale Sweaty Face
If someone’s face appears pale and sweaty during a severe asthma attack, it’s related to the fact that they’re not getting enough oxygen, says Streck. “The color drains from their face as a result,” she says.
