高胆固醇

什么是ldl胆固醇？

通常被标记为“坏”胆固醇，LDL是一种在血液中发现的脂蛋白颗粒。在更高的水平，它可以有助于心脏病。

Patricia Kelly Yeo
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如果未经处理过的话，高胆固醇会导致高血压和其他心脏问题。 盖蒂图像;bob体育在线日常健康

低密度脂蛋白(LDL)胆固醇是most common type of cholesterol found in your blood. Each LDL particle is made up of a lipoprotein coat and a cholesterol center.

虽然它往往被称为“坏”胆固醇，但LDL胆固醇并不是不健康的。您的身体需要LDL胆固醇来保护神经并产生细胞和激素。

High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol is the other type of cholesterol, and is often called “good” cholesterol. Both LDL and HDL cholesterol are produced in the liver.

在higher levels, LDL cholesterol builds up as plaque in the walls of blood vessels. Over time, this buildup can result in动脉粥样硬化或者动脉硬化。

动脉粥样硬化can raise yourrisk of heart attack, stroke, and death. When plaques form on the arteries supplying blood to your brain, abdomen, arms, and legs, they can lead to intestinal damage and peripheral arterial disease.

高胆固醇受到遗传和生活方式因素的影响。世界上大约20％的人群被认为具有升高的LP（a）或脂蛋白（a），一种LDL胆固醇。LP（a）是在心脏病发病典型的典型年龄之前发育动脉斑块的危险因素。

在2020年在英国超过283,000名成年人的观测研究中，研究人员发现测量的LP（A）与热瘤心血管疾病有关，加强胆固醇变异临床意义的证据。

Since there is no specific treatment for Lp(a), it’s important for people who are carriers to keep their LDLcholesterol levels低的。与总体高LDL胆固醇不同，通常可以通过生活方式改变和药物管理，LP（A）的升高程度主要是遗传确定。

尽管美国心脏协会(AHA)not currently recommend universal screening for Lp(a), some physicians, like乔治Tansassoulis，MD, of McGill University in Montreal, now推荐 经过测试由于高LP（a）的更多目标治疗可能会在不久的将来来。

Testing for high cholesterol overall, however, is recommended by the AHA. Since cholesterol isn’t something that causes symptoms until a person develops heart disease or other complications, it’s important to get tested regularly via a验血(also known as a lipid panel). Ask your physician or primary care provider on your next visit.

LDL Cholesterol Facts

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 93 million adults in the United States — almost 40 percent of the population — have total cholesterol levels higher than the normal range.

CDC注意事项略高于胆固醇的成年人的一半以上是治疗。

According to the Cleveland Clinic, a desirable LDL level is less than 100 mg/dL, but 129 mg/dL is also within normal limits for otherwise healthy individuals.

A range of 130 to 159 mg/dL is borderline high, and 160 mg/dL is considered high.

How to Lower LDL Cholesterol

采用健康的生活习惯是对高LDL胆固醇的第一种保护。如果单独改变生活习惯是不够的，您的医生也可能会降低胆固醇的药物。

Learn More About Treatment of High Cholesterol

以下是AHA关于治疗和处理的建议预防高胆固醇：

Avoid a diet high in saturated and trans fats.饱和脂肪中的饮食 - 在动物产品中发现，包括全脂乳制品，以及许多人processed foods— can raise your LDL and total cholesterol.

反式脂肪 - 有时在快餐和许多商业烘焙的面包，饼干，蛋糕，芯片，饼干和零食食品中发现 - 也可以提高你的LDL胆固醇并降低你的HDL.cholesterol。

Instead, the AHA recommends a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, poultry, fish, nuts, and nontropical vegetable oils.

Get regular exercise.The AHA recommends getting at least 150 minutes ofmoderate-intensity aerobic exerciseeach week, preferably split up over several days. If you’re new to a regular exercise routine, low-impact aerobic exercises are a good way to get started.

Exercise has two effects on cholesterol: It raises levels of your body'sHDL.cholesterol, and it also increases the size of LDL particles, which makes them less likely to form plaque on coronary artery walls.

保持血糖水平检查。对于患有糖尿病或的人前奶奶, it’s important to monitor your blood sugar as well.High blood sugarlevels can raise LDL cholesterol, as well as lower HDL cholesterol and weaken the lining of arteries.

保持你的体重在健康的范围内。有一个BMIof 30 or greater typically correlates with a higher risk of abnormal LDL and total cholesterol levels.

看你的腰围。Beyond weight, abdominal fat and waist circumference can increase your risk of high cholesterol.

For men, a waist measurement of 40 inches (102 centimeters [cm]) or more puts you at risk. For women, it’s a waist measurement of 35 inches (89 cm) or more.

退出烟草。虽然习惯很难踢，quitting tobacco usecan help prevent high cholesterol. If you don’t smoke, don’t start.

Tobacco smoke causes damage to the walls of your blood vessels, making it easier for plaque to build up in them. Smoking also lowersHDL胆固醇水平。

Cholesterol-lowering drugs.Depending on your family history, genetic risk factors, or lifestyle, sometimes healthy habits alone aren’t enough to lower LDL cholesterol.

If you and your doctor find that your numbers aren’t budging, medication may help manage your high cholesterol.

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