躁郁症那formerly known as manic depression, affects men and women equally, with about 5.6 million adult Americans (2.6 percent of the population) diagnosed with the condition — including many famous people.
The erratic behavior of some celebrities withmental illnessis often attributed to this condition, since bipolar disorder is characterized by disabling mood shifts during which a person goes from an energetic, manic phase to a low, depressed one.
The mood swings of bipolar disorder may be mild or extreme. They can come on slowly or quickly within hours to days. Usually diagnosed in the teenage years to mid-twenties, bipolar disorder can happen at any age and is more prevalent in those who have a family history of the condition.
两种常见的双相障碍亚型：双极I和双极II。还有其他亚型，最符合症状的肝硬化症，其中患者具有抑郁症和令人满意的症状，但不符合主要抑郁情节或奇异发作的完整标准。
随着双极I紊乱，人们将在其终生中遇到至少一个躁狂事件，也可能会经历重大抑郁症的剧集。您可以在极端抑郁症和强烈狂热之间交替。随着狂热，您可能是异常的兴高采烈，过度活跃和异常的表现，无需休息或睡眠。您可能有烦躁，赛车思想，分心，以及冲动或冒险行为的参与。Bipolar I无序的人也可能会体验精神病症状，包括幻觉，偏执狂或宏伟的妄想。这种疾病往往导致精神病院治疗，并且需要用药长期治疗。一旦双极我开始，它在整个人的生命中仍在持续存在。
Bipolar II disorder不是一个双相I型的温和的形式,而是一个吗related diagnosis. With bipolar II disorder, people will have at least one episode of major depression and at least one episode of hypomania, which is similar to mania but with less severe symptoms and shorter duration. While both mania and hypomania exhibit grandiose mood and reduced need for sleep, hypomania is a period of incredible energy, charm, and productivity, which is often associated with super-achievers.
Hypomania may be good for some people, but for many people it is uncomfortable, disruptive, and problematic (though not to the degree of a full manic episode, by definition). Manic and hypomanic episodes have the same set of symptoms, and for both you need to have either irritable or elevated mood and increased energy plus three to four additional symptoms, which can include pressured speech, decreased need for sleep, grandiosity, distractability, racing thoughts, increase in goal-directed activity, or risky/impulsive behaviors.
HypOmanic发作持续至少四天，并且不足以导致住院或显着的功能障碍，并且没有相关的精神病特征。在这些时期，有些人在这些时期做得很好，并且双极谱疾病和艺术家之间存在历史关联;然而，许多人在丑陋期间都不做得好，然后也遭受了主要的抑郁发作。双极I和双极II疾病都需要治疗。
According to the Mayo Clinic那the exact双相障碍的原因is unknown. But several factors may play a role, including:
- Physical changes in the brainBoth biochemical and environmental factors play a role in bipolar disorder. Researchers think that imbalances inneurotransmitters那the brain chemicals that regulate mood, may trigger this condition. While the meaning of these brain changes is not known, this discovery may help identify bipolar causes in the future.
- GeneticsExperts believe that of all mental health problems, bipolar disorder has the greatest linkage to genes. Bipolar disorder is more common in people who have a first-degree relative, such as a sibling or parent, with the condition.
Risk factors for an episode of bipolar disorder may include having times of high stress, such as the death of a loved one or another traumatic event. Drug and alcohol use are also often associated with bipolar disorder.
Though it's difficult to confirm if famous people have bipolar disorder, this condition crops up more often among artists, singers, poets, and celebrities. Many celebrities with mental illness, both now and in years past, are thought to have had bipolar disorder. Here's a closer look at 13 famous people with bipolar disorder.
Additional reporting by Barbara Kean andMaura Corrigan.。
Vivien Leigh Suffered Without Bipolar Medications
Best known for her iconic Oscar-winning role as Scarlett O'Hara inGone With the Wind那Vivien Leigh also captured the public's attention with her marriage to fellow actor Laurence Olivier. However, Leigh was诊断患有双相障碍那她不可预测的行为最终破坏了她的专业名声，并摧毁了她的婚姻与奥利维尔。
"In her day there were no pills, there were no clinics, there were no publicists, there was nobody between Vivien and an outside world which she found chilly, hostile, and sometimes, because of her mental state, could not cope with," said her friend Sheridan Morley in a BBC documentary.
由轩轩·费舍尔升级，成为一个畅销作者
车rie Fisher's portrayal of Princess Leia in the original星球大战trilogy turned her into a pop-culture icon. However, partly due to her tumultuous childhood, she struggled with drug andalcohol addictions。In her early twenties, Fisher was told she was hypomanic, but she didn't believe her doctor.
Over time, however, she came to terms with her condition and became a bestselling author, writing books such as从边缘的明信片andSurrender the Pink。成为一位母亲是这种变化的推动力。
"Prior to having a child, I really did feel, it's my business if I wanted to stop my药物那" she toldbp Magazine。"I no longer feel that's so."
Jean-Claude Van Damme Experienced Rapid-Cycling Bipolar Disorder
The Belgian kickboxer Jean-Claude Van Damme has appeared in numerous action films, includingBloodsport那Sudden Death那andUniversal Soldier。While his movie career took off, Van Damme's personal life was unraveling. Hedivorcedfour times, was charged with spousal abuse, and was addicted to cocaine.
However, things started to come together after hisdiagnosis of rapid-cycling bipolar。他告诉e！“在线，”你只需要留下一点盐[药物钠丙戊酸钠]，因为我这样做就是这样，就像，繁荣！在一周内，我觉得它踢了。所有的骚动，所有的水在我身边，向我身边左右移动，就像一个湖泊。“
Linda Hamilton Struggled for 20 Years With Symptoms of Bipolar Disorder
Actress Linda Hamilton is best known for her role as Sarah Connor inTerminatorandTerminator 2: Judgment Day。She also starred in the TV seriesBeauty and the Beast。Despite her professional success, she was self-medicating with drugs and alcohol, and herbipolar mood swingsdamaged two marriages.
Hamilton struggled withsymptoms of bipolar disorderfor 20 years, a time she calls the "lost years." Though she initially worried that treatment would diminish her talents, she is now on medication and speaks openly about being bipolar.
"Somebody needs to come out and make this okay for people to talk about and get help and take advantage of the resources," she told the Associated Press.
Sinéado'Connor在抑郁症诊断后重建了她的生活
爱尔兰歌手Sinéado'Connor经常在20世纪80年代后期和20世纪90年代举行的歌曲歌曲和叛逆的态度。然而，随着她的二十多岁的成名，她开始了suffer from depression。
O'Connor's depression steadily got worse, including suicidal thoughts, until she was finally diagnosed with躁郁症at the age of 37. She talked openly about living with this condition onThe Oprah Winfrey Showin 2007.
“你的每一个毛孔都在哭泣，你甚至不明白为什么或者，”她说。“我实际上有点去世，因为服用药物并有机会而又有了，你知道，建立生活。”
Vincent van Gogh被情绪波动推动
传奇艺术家Vincent Van Gogh画了一些世界上最着名的作品，如繁星之夜。However, he is also remembered for his difficult, eccentric, and moody personality.
There is no consensus on what medical condition fueled van Gogh's behavior, though some suspectepilepsy那depression, psychotic attacks, and bipolar disorder.
发表于此American Journal of Psychiatry说：“梵高早点遭受了两个不同的反应抑郁情节，并且有明显的双极方面对他的历史。抑郁症的剧集都是持续高能量和热情的持续时期，首先是福音师，然后作为艺术家。。“
Virginia Woolf Suffered Psychiatric Breakdowns
The 20th-century English novelist and essayist Virginia Woolf is said to have expanded the boundaries of the novel with works such asMrs. DallowayandTo the Lighthouse。She遭受情绪波动and breakdowns throughout her life.
An article in theAmerican Journal of Psychiatry解释了她的行为：“从13岁开始，伍尔夫有症状今天将被诊断为双相情感障碍;她经历了情绪波动severe depressionto manic excitement and episodes of psychosis. In her own time, however, psychiatry had little to offer her."
Jane Pauley Supports the Wide Array of Bipolar Treatments
The television journalist Jane Pauley made her network debut on NBC'sToday在25岁时展示。她继续为网络工作数据线and later had her own talk show.
At the age of 50, Pauley began experiencingepisodes of depressionand mania. It is thought that steroids used totreat hiveskick-started her symptoms, which werediagnosed as bipolar disorder。She describes her experiences in her bestselling memoirSkywriting: A Life Out of the Blue。
"If we're lucky, the next generation won't drag around that personal stigma," she tells bp Magazine. "They also are going to grow up with a wider array of medications that addresses whatever causes this malady of ours."
Mariette Hartley敦促其他人留在正确的双极治疗方面
Among famous people with bipolar disorder is the Emmy-winning actress Mariette Hartley, who has appeared in numerous television shows and starred in a popular series of commercials in the 1970s. However, her family life was troubled — she lost both her father and an uncle to suicide, and her mother also attempted to take her own life. In 1994, Hartley startedhaving suicidal thoughtsand wasmisdiagnosed with depression那and later ADD. The third diagnosis — bipolar disorder — was the correct one.
哈特利很难公开谈论她的病情，但她决定趁机教育别人。在一个USA Todayarticle, the actress emphasized the importance of getting the right treatment: "If you are on the right medication … stay on it and don't change. But if it doesn't seem to be working, then go to a doctor and find the right one for you."
Catherine Zeta-Jones and Bipolar II Disorder
The Academy Award–winning actress Catherine Zeta-Jones first became known to movie audiences in the 1998 film佐罗的面具。In 2000, she married actor Michael Douglas. The mother of two revealed in April 2011 that she had sought治疗forbipolar II disorder, which is characterized by episodes ofhypomania（不太严重的高度和烦躁）与抑郁症交替交替。
"After dealing with the stress of the past year, Catherine made the decision to check into a mental health facility for a brief stay," her publicist announced in a statement.
Creed Frontman Scott Stapp Believes in Sobriety
Creedfront man Scott Stapp recently revealed he was诊断患有双相障碍。In 2017, Stapp made headlines for his alcohol and drug addiction and erratic behavior. "In my delusional thinking, I thought my family was involved in ISIS, and that millions of dollars had been taken from me to support terrorism," he toldPeoplemagazine。"All of it was nonsense. I was out of my mind."
虽然在双重诊断设施的密集程序中，Stapp是diagnosedwith bipolar disorder. "It was hard to process," he says. "There's a stigma associated with it. But Jaclyn [Stapp's wife] kept telling me, 'Embrace it. We love you.' It became a big sign of relief, because finally, we had an answer."
现在，在密集的治疗中，Stapp服用药物治疗他的混乱，也参与了12步计划。“没有什么比我的清醒更重要了，”他告诉People。
Demi Lovato Lives Well With Bipolar Disorder
女演员和歌手Demi Lovato, 1992年出生,learned she had bipolar disorder after a stint in rehab in 2010 to address withdepression, aneating disorder那and self-harm. She discussed her diagnosis in a 2011 interview withPeople杂志。“直到我进入治疗，我从来没有发现过我是双极的，”她告诉杂志。在采访过程中，Lovato表示，她从年轻时开始了抑郁症。
Recently, the popular songstress talked toHuffPost Liveabout living with the condition. "I was dealing with bipolar depression and didn't know what was wrong with me. Little did I know, there was a chemical imbalance in my brain," she says. "Because I didn't tell people what I need, I ended up self-medicating and coping with very unhealthy behaviors."
Aftertherapy and treatment, Lovato says she's in a good place. "Now I live well with bipolar disorder," Lovato says. "Happiness is a choice. Life is a roller coaster. You can make the highs as amazing as possible, and you can control how low the lows go."
Mariah Carey Reveals Decades-Long Struggle With Bipolar Disorder
在一个newly publishedPeople杂志独家,超级明星玛丽亚·凯莉牧师ealed that she's been secretly living with bipolar II disorder for almost two decades. First diagnosed in 2001 after she was hospitalized for a mental and physical breakdown, the platinum-selling singer toldPeoplethat she "didn't want to believe" the diagnosis, and that she "didn't want to carry around the stigma of a lifelong disease that would define me and potentially end my career ... I was so terrified of losing everything."
But the burden of keeping the diagnosis to herself and constantly living in fear that someone would expose her — as well as a particularly tough two years that included a broken engagement to business mogul James Packer — eventually encouraged the platinum-selling singer to seek treatment and ultimately share her story with the public. She's now in therapy and taking medication for bipolar II disorder, which involves swings in mood between depression and hypermania, but isn't as severe as bipolar I disorder.
Already with 18 No. 1 hits under her belt, Carey said she is currently in a "really good place" and surrounding herself with positive people, including her 6-year-old twins, Monroe and Moroccan, and doing more of what she loves: writing songs and making music. "I'm hopeful we can get to a place where the stigma is lifted from people going through anything alone. It can be incredibly isolating," she told the magazine.
