乳腺癌Treatment

Surgery, radiation, and hormone therapy are common treatments for breast cancer.

Most breast cancer is treated with surgery, often along with additional treatments to help rid the body of cancer cells, or to ensure that it remains cancer-free.

您的医生将根据您患有乳腺癌的类型，其阶段以及癌症的侵略性来确定治疗计划。

Treatment options may include one or more of the following:

肿块切除术

Rather than remove an entire breast, surgeons perform a肿块切除术to remove a small portion of the breast in which there is a tumor.

Even though it's the least invasive breast cancer surgery, lumpectomy can be very effective. In some cases, the procedure can prevent further surgery.

部分乳房切除术

如果需要去除比乳房切除术更多的组织，您的外科医生可能会进行部分乳房切除术.

在部分乳房切除术中，外科医生可以去除乳房组织的整个部分或象限，甚至可能是胸部肌肉上的一些衬里。

Mastectomy

Mastectomy is a term used for several different procedures. In many cases, it means fully removing one or both breasts.

乳房切除术还可以包括消除腋窝区域中的淋巴结，如果癌症已经扩散到那里，或者有可能传播到该地区的风险。

Mastectomy may be an effective treatment option for severaltypes of breast cancer, including:

• Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)，或无创乳腺癌
• 阶段I和II乳腺癌
• Stage III breast cancer
• Inflammatory breast cancer
• Paget disease of the breast
• Locally recurrent breast cancer

Radiation

Also called radiotherapy, radiation uses high-energy rays to kill cancer cells or shrink tumors that remain in the breast, chest wall, or underarm area after surgery.

Radiation only affects cells in the area of the body that is being treated.

Chemotherapy

化学疗法涉及使用多种药物来破坏癌细胞或减缓其生长。

It is usually administered intravenously (by IV) and in an outpatient setting. Chemotherapy can be given before or after breast cancer surgery, depending on your condition.

Your doctor will determine if chemotherapy is right for you based on the following factors:

• 肿瘤类型
• Tumor grade (indicates how quickly it is likely to grow and spread)
• Tumor size
• 癌细胞中受体的类型和状态
• Number of lymph nodes involved, and degree of involvement
• 体内其他地方蔓延的癌症风险

激素疗法

If your癌症类型发现对激素敏感，可能建议对激素（或荷尔蒙）疗法进行缓慢或停止肿瘤的生长。

This therapy works by interfering with the body's ability to produce or use hormones.

Hormone therapy can be used to shrink and control cancer, or to prevent your cancer from returning after other treatments are completed.

Hormone therapy for cancer is different from hormone therapy used to help with symptoms of menopause.

Treatments that can be used in hormone therapy include:

• Medications that block hormones from attaching to cancer cells, called selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs)
• Medications that stop the body from making estrogen after menopause, calledaromatase inhibitors
• 一种叫做的药物faslodex（Fulvestrant），目标雌激素受体用于破坏
• Removal of the ovaries, or medications that stop the ovaries from making estrogen

生物靶向治疗

生物学靶向治疗使用可以改变乳腺癌细胞行为的药物。

Some of these drugs include:

• Herceptin (trastuzumab)
• Perjeta(pertuzumab)
• Kadcyla (ado-trastuzumab emtansine)
• Tykerb(lapatinib)
• Avastin (bevacizumab)

重建手术

大多数已清除乳房的全部或一部分的妇女都可以重建乳房（或乳房），以匹配其他乳房或原始乳房的大小和形状。

也可以重建乳头和乳晕（乳头周围的皮肤黑暗区域）。

在过去的十年中，乳房重建取得了重大成就。重建的乳房通常与女人的原始乳房无法区分。