What Is Bulimia? Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

Bulimia is a serious eating disorder that involves both bingeing and purging.

“狂欢”意味着你在短时间内吃大量的食物。“吹扫”是一种不健康的方式来摆脱你身体的额外卡路里。（1）贪食症的人有时会自己vomitto eliminate the calories they consume.

但这不是清除的唯一方法。他们也可能遵循严格的饮食，快速，运动过度，或使用laxatives那pills, or enemas. The harmful cycle of bingeing and purging can affect both physical and mental health. (2的）

The bingeing and purging cycle isn’t even an effective way to lose weight. Indeed, many people with bulimia actually gain weight over time.

Your body starts absorbing calories from the moment you put food in your mouth. If you vomit right after a very large meal, you typically eliminate less than 50 percent of the calories you consumed. Laxatives get rid of 10 percent of the calories you eat.

While purging may make you weigh less temporarily, it’s most likely water loss and not true weight loss. (2)

贪食症的迹象和症状可能因人人而异。一些常见的红旗包括：（1,2）

• 孤立地吃大量食物
• 无法控制你吃多少
• 呕吐吃完以后
• 使用泻药，diuretics在不需要后进食后，灌肠或其他药丸
• 过度锻炼或节食
• 经历频繁的重量变化
• 患昏厥或头晕咒语
• 显示呕吐引起的物理变化，如口臭，损坏的牙齿，脸颊周围肿胀，眼睛中的破碎血管，或指关节上的愈伤组织（从盖子上）
• Feeling便秘or臃肿
• 感觉累了
• 体验menstrual periodchanges
• Engaging in repetitive, secretive, or antisocial behaviors related to food
• Being intensely concerned with body weight
• 使用不正确的膳食补充剂

医生不确定究竟是什么原因是贪食症。您的基因，家族史，心理健康状况，生活经验，自尊和其他因素都可能发挥作用。（3）

科学家也在研究大脑的某些化学变化，如改变水平serotonin那may affect a person’s risk of developingeating disorderslike bulimia. (3.的）

有些因素可能会让你更有可能开发贪食症。这些包括：（1,2）

• Having a poor body image or low self-esteem
• 体验压力的生活变化
• Having a history of substance abuse
• Being diagnosed with沮丧那焦虑那or another mental health disorder
• 体验创伤或虐待或遭受创伤后应激障碍（PTSD的）

Your physician will likely use the criteria listed in the American Psychiatric Association’s精神疾病诊断与统计手册（DSM-5）to diagnose your condition. Among the criteria in the DSM-5 are: (4.的）

• 狂犬病的反复发作
• Recurrent inappropriate behavior designed to prevent weight gain, including using vomiting, laxatives, diuretics, or other medication
• Behavior occurs, on average, at least once a week for three months

什么时候去看医生你的病情

If you think you have bulimia, it’s important to be honest with your doctor about your eating habits and weight loss methods. This eating disorder can cause dangerous effects on your body if it’s not treated.

Your healthcare provider may want to perform a physical exam, a blood or urine test, and a psychological evaluation. (3)

You may also need to have ablood test（包括称为基本代谢面板的特定血液测试）或心电图（ECG）to see if the repeated bingeing and purging episodes have affected certain organs in your body. (3)

一种good first step is to consult your primary care physician. He or she can then refer you to a more specialized doctor.

一种dditionally, the National饮食障碍协会在800-931-2237提供免费热线。（2）

贪食症的预后

许多贪食症的人都会改善正确的治疗，但有些人可能会变得更好，然后再次复发。

研究显示约有50％的战斗贪心将完全恢复治疗，30％的人将经历部分恢复，10％至20％仍有症状。（5.的）

The duration of bulimia varies from person to person. While roughly half of patients will fully recover from the condition within 10 years, others won’t. For many, bulimia is a lifelong struggle. Symptoms may come and go or be constant. (6.的）

有几种选择可以帮助贪食症的人。有时这些方法一起使用，以获得更好的结果。常见治疗包括：（1,4）

• 心理治疗Different forms of therapy and counseling can improve symptoms of bulimia. Talking to a mental health professional may help you identify your unhealthy behaviors and come up with ways to eliminate them. Sometimes family members are encouraged to participate in therapy sessions.
• 营养咨询营养师可以帮助您开发健康的饮食计划。
• 住院如果您的情况严重，您可能需要住院，直到您变得更好。

You may relapse after treatment, but the good news is you can recover from bulimia. After proper treatment, most girls and women are able to eat and exercise in healthy ways. (3)

Medication Options

抗抑郁药物can be used along with therapy. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approvedprozac（氟西汀），这是一种选择性serotoninreuptake inhibitor (SSRI.的）那to treat bulimia in adults. (1,3)

一种lternative and Complementary Therapies

Some people with bulimia look to alternative therapies to help ease their symptoms and lower theirstress levels。

Common approaches include: (7.的）

• 一种cupuncture
• 按摩
• 冥想那tai chi, oryoga

Prevention of Bulimia

While there’s no surefire way to prevent bulimia, adopting healthy habits and seeking professional help early on can improve the outlook for you or someone you know who’s battling bulimia.

以下是一些提示：（1，8.的）

• Try to avoid talking about your weight.
• 注意你的触发器并避开他们;例子可能包括社交媒体或时尚杂志，与生命中的高度关键人物等一定的互动等。它对于每个人来说都是不同的，但如果某些经历导致你更有可能狂暴或清洗，重要的是要注意。
• Focus less on your weight and more on maintaining a healthy lifestyle.
• 一种void unhealthy weight-control measures, such as fasting, laxatives, or supplements.
• 如果您有任何早期迹象或贪食症状，请与您的医生交谈。
• Seek treatment for underlying conditions, such as depression.
• 一种sk a loved one for support.
• Educate yourself about unrealistic body expectations portrayed by the media.
• Talk to friends or family members if you think they have food issues.

贪食症可能对你的身体产生危险的影响。在某些情况下，饮食障碍甚至可以导致死亡。

来自贪食症可以发展的一些风险包括：（1，9.的）

• Severe脱水
• Electrolyte imbalances, which can lead to heart or kidney failure
• Stomach damage or溃疡
• Irregular periods（在女性中）
• 蛀牙
• Chronic sore throat
• Indigestion那胃灼热，或酸回流
• 便秘那腹泻那or other problems with bowel movements
• 骨质疏松症
• 男女不孕症

任何人都可以患有贪食症。然而，它确实往往会影响更多的女性。高达2％的女性具有这种饮食失调。（3）

女孩和年轻妇女更可能有布鲁里溃疡limia than older women. Women usually develop bulimia around age 18 or 19. Still, researchers are finding that eating disorders are beginning to affect more older members of the population. According to a study cited by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 13 percent of women over age 50 had some disordered eating pattern. (3)

Historically, eating disorders have been portrayed as a problem affecting young, heterosexual, white women. In fact they affect people of all races and ethnicities. (10)

Black and Hispanic Americans and Bulimia

一种学习published in 2011 found that Black teenagers were 50 percent more likely than white teens to exhibit symptoms of bulimia.

在另一个学习与非西班牙人相比，研究人员发现西班牙裔青少年显着伴有贪食症。

Experts say eating disorders may be partially due to environmentalbob bet体育 ，如虐待，贫困或种族主义。因为来自黑色，土着和颜色的人（BIPOC）社区的妇女接触到更多这些压力源，因此它们可能更容易对贪食症的疾病。（10的）

Sometimes people with bulimia have other eating disorders or medical problems.

Conditions that may be related to bulimia include: (7,11的）

• 厌食症这种疾病涉及极端卡路里的限制。
• Exercise bulimia有这种情况的人使用身体活动以及其他手段，例如呕吐和腹泻，以“支付”过量。
• Rumination disorderIt involves repeatedly regurgitating food after eating, but it’s not caused by an eating disorder.
• Binge-eating disorder这意味着你经常吃得太多，感到缺乏控制，但你不会试图吹嘘食物。
• DepressionThis mental health disorder is characterized by a depressed mood or loss of interest in activities.
• PTSD.This condition happens when a person has a reaction to a traumatizing or upsetting event.

您与贪食症的旅程需要大量的支持和资源。以下是日常生活的最bob体育在线佳推荐组织，文章和网站，您可能需要的信息和支持。

Favorite Organizations for Essential Bulimia Info

国家饮食障碍协会（NEDA）

NEDA is the largest nonprofit organization dedicated to supporting individuals and families affected by eating disorders. They provide information and support to build a community of hope. We especially love their onlinescreening tool那which can help you determine if you need to seek professional help.

The Alliance for Eating Disorders Awareness

This organization is a national, nonprofit dedicated to providing programs and activities aimed at outreach, education, early intervention, and advocacy for eating disorders.

Office on Women’s Health

该政府运营网站提供了有关贪食和治疗方案的丰富资料。

一种cademy for Eating Disorders (AED)

AED是一个专业组织，促进卓越的研究，治疗和预防饮食障碍。

Favorite Online Support Network

一个广告

一个广告is an organization committed to providing free services that are accessible to all. We love their恢复导师计划，它与您从饮食失调中恢复的人匹配，可以帮助您支持您。

吃紊乱希望

饮食失调希望提供致力于提供帮助和鼓励的在线支持团体。这些团体由许可的专业辅导员领导。

最喜欢的应用程序

Recovery Record: Eating Disorder Management

This app is designed to help you manage your recovery from eating disorders. It lets you track your mood and meals. You can also connect with your therapist or dietitian and receive feedback.

最喜欢的博客

国家饮食障碍协会博客

NEDA的博客具有个人账户，这些人对饮食失调并恢复。还有条目提供有关饮食障碍的教育信息。

成为倡导者的最喜欢的资源

饮食障碍Coalition (EDC)

EDC的使命是推动联邦侵犯饮食障碍作为公共卫生优先事项的识别。他们与国会，联邦机构和国家和地方组织建立了关系，以提倡意识。

Favorite Annual Meetings

International Conference on Eating Disorders (ICED)

The AED hosts this annual scientific conference, which highlights research and education related to eating disorders. Experts from around the world attend to learn about emerging breakthroughs in the field.

最喜欢的休息

The Meadows Ranch

This 50-acre property located in Arizona provides a relaxing retreat so you can focus on regaining your health. Their experts specialize in combining approaches to treat a range of eating disorders, including bulimia. Representatives work with your health insurance company to make your treatment as affordable as possible.