精神分裂症Signs and Symptoms

精神分裂症, a brain disorder, can cause hallucinations, delusions, and other unusual behaviors.

精神分裂症是一种严重的脑障碍，这可能会根据国家精神健康研究所的情况影响您的思想，感受和行动。（1)

People with schizophrenia may also have problems with memory, attention, and concentration, notes the American Psychological Association. (2)

什么导致精神分裂症？

It’s not known exactly what causes schizophrenia.

For some people, schizophrenia may be hereditary. Having a parent or sibling with schizophrenia may slightly increase a person's risk of developing it. Researchers have found several genetic changes that may lead to an increased risk of the condition, according to the U.S. National Library of Medicine. (3)

Symptoms of schizophrenia may be severe or even disabling — and schizophrenia can be tricky to diagnose. But many of the symptoms can be controlled over time with propertreatment。

精神分裂症symptoms vary in type and severity, and can change over time.People with schizophreniatypically show a number of symptoms.

They usually first appear in a person's late teens through early thirties.

People with schizophrenia may display psychotic symptoms, which can be particularly troubling for friends and family. Doctors call these symptoms "positive" symptoms.

Positive symptoms of schizophrenia include:

Hallucinations

这是一个人看到，听到，闻起来或感受到并不真正在那里的事情的时候。

Auditory hallucinations — hearing sounds that are not really there — are the most common type of hallucination in people with schizophrenia.

An estimated 60 to 80 percent of people with schizophrenia may experience auditory hallucinations, noted an article published in October 2019 in精神分裂症Research。（4)

Hearing voices is the most common type of auditory hallucination in schizophrenia. This could come in the form of hearing a clear voice or hearing many less clear voices, like the noise found on a busy subway. Other less common types of auditory hallucinations include music, body noises, or machinery. (4)

精神分裂症患者也可能感觉感觉of pain or invisible fingers touching their bodies when no one is nearby, according to a study published in December 2016 inScientific Reports。（5)

Visual hallucinations, which are uncommon in schizophrenia and tend to be found more in neurologic illnesses, like certain痴呆形式, tend to be vivid and colorful, and may include scenes with family members, religious figures, or animals, past research has noted. (6)

妄想

These are beliefs — sometimes bizarre — that are illogical or untrue. For example, a person with schizophrenia may believe he or she is being watched by another person or animal who’s not there, followed by the government for not paying taxes, or even controlled by aliens.

The majority of people with schizophrenia experience delusions, per Stat Pearls. (7)

People with schizophrenia may have paranoid delusions, believing that others are trying to harm, spy on, or plot against them.

Paranoid delusions are important because they can make it difficult for a person with schizophrenia to cooperate with treatment. Poor compliance with treatment can increase the likelihood of social problems, such as joblessness or homelessness, for people with schizophrenia, according to the National Alliance on Mental Illness. (8)

RELATED:Coping With Schizophrenic Hallucinations and Delusions

Disorganized Thinking and Speaking

有精神分裂症的人可能会在逻辑模式下组织他们的思想。他们可能以一种困难的方式谈论，这很难理解。

One severe thought disorder is referred to as “word salad.”

Disorganized thinking (which manifests as disorganized speech) exists on a spectrum, anywhere from tangentiality, to loosening of associations between sentences and words, to loss of any coherent meaning.

Unusual Body Movements

People with schizophrenia may make agitated or repetitive movements.

Memory, Attention, and Other Cognitive Problems

Cognitive symptoms are very common in schizophrenia. These symptoms include difficulties with memory, attention, executive function, and processing speed.

Other Symptoms

Other schizophrenia symptoms — sometimes referred to as "negative" symptoms — can include:

• Speaking little, even when forced to interact
• Lack of emotional expression when talking (face may not move, voice may be dull and monotonous)
• Lack of pleasure in everyday activities
• Difficulty focusing or paying attention
• Difficulty using information to make decisions
• Neglecting physical appearance orhygiene
• Severe lack of energy

我精神分裂症患者也可能进入一个状态n which they don't move at all, don't respond to others, and seem to be in a trance. This coma-like daze is called catatonia. (5)

While catatonia typically involves limited spontaneous movement or speech, patients in this state often respond abnormally, for example, repeating words or movements back to the examiner.

RELATED:Speaking Schizophrenia – A Glossary of Terms to Describe Symptoms, Tests, and Treatment

偏执妄想的人经常被称为偏执精神分裂症。

Paranoid schizophrenia used to be classified as a subtype of schizophrenia. Today, health professionals no longer recognize paranoid schizophrenia as a separate subtype. The classification changed in 2013 when the American Psychiatric Association stopped recognizing schizophrenia subtypes.（5)

Paranoid schizophrenia and other subtypes weren’t very helpful to doctors, because schizophrenia symptoms can change over time, and symptoms of different subtypes can overlap.

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