如何治疗高血压

大多数有高血压的人都需要终身治疗，以帮助抵御或延迟受到这种情况所带来的严重健康问题。

Treatment for adults is usually aimed at getting to and keeping blood pressure below 130/80 millimeters of mercury (mmHg). (1)

Options to treat high blood pressure may include eating a healthy diet with less salt and taking medication, as well as incorporating additional lifestyle changes.

An important part of a high blood pressure treatment plan is to stick to a healthy diet, includinglimiting sodium intake。2015-2020美国人的饮食指南建议每天消耗少于2,300毫克（MG）钠（2）。血压高的人可能需要更多地限制钠摄入量。美国心脏协会（AHA）为成年人建议每天不超过1,500毫克的理想限制高血压。（3)

It’s important to pay attention to food labels and choose options that are low-sodium and “no salt added” at the grocery store and while cooking. (4)

Your doctor may recommend theDietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet, which focuses on fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, as well as fat-free or lowfat dairy products, fish, poultry, beans, nuts, and vegetable oils. The DASH plan also limits foods high in saturated fats, including fatty meats, full-fat dairy products, and tropical oils, like coconut and palm oils, as well as sugary drinks and other sweets. (5)

2017年12月发表的一项研究Journal of the American College of Cardiologyof more than 400 adults with stage 1 high blood pressure found that combining a low-salt diet with the DASH eating plan was as effective as certain drugs in lowering systolic blood pressure. (6)

RELATED:Americans With High Blood Pressure Still Eating Too Much Salt

RELATED:DASH Diet Linked to a Lower Risk of Depression in Older Adults

Additionallifestyle changes也可以帮助您降低和管理血压。这些包括：

保持健康的体重保持健康的体重可以帮助您控制高血压并在海湾保持其他并发症。

Moreover, reducing your weight by just 3 to 5 percent can help lower your risk of health problems related to high blood pressure. (4)

While a体重指数（BMI）- 这对您的身高进行了衡量的重量，并估计您的身体脂肪的总体脂肪 - 少于25个是控制血压的目标，您的医生可以帮助您确定您的特定重量目标。（4）

锻炼常规运动可以使您的重量保持在控制下，并帮助降低血压。

The AHA recommends an average of 40 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous intensityaerobicactivity three or four times a week to lower blood pressure. (7)

Limiting Alcohol Consumption酒精可以提高你的血压,即使你don't have hypertension, so everyone should monitor alcoholic intake.

65岁的所有年龄和男性的健康女性应该坚持每天喝一杯饮酒，而男人65则球员每天应该在最多两次饮酒中。（4）

Not SmokingWhile smoking is a proven risk factor for heart problems like heart attack and stroke, researchers are still trying to understand its connection to high blood pressure. Both smoking and secondhand exposure to tobacco smoke increases the risk of plaque inside the arteries, a condition known asatherosclerosis, which high blood pressure accelerates.

Smoking also causes a temporary increase in blood pressure. (8)

问你的医生提示戒烟, and investigate smoking-cessation medication and devices to help you break your addiction tonicotine。

Managing Stress仍在研究压力和高血压之间的关系，但已知应激有助于高血压的危险因素，例如饮食差和过量的酒精使用。

Additionally, stress hormonesadrenalineandcortisolmake the heart beat faster and constrict blood vessels in preparation for the fight-or-flight response. This raises blood pressure temporarily, but researchers are still studying if chronic stress may impact blood pressure over time. (9)

学习如何管理压力，放松和应对问题可以提高您的情绪和身体健康。

The following ways may help you better manage your stress:

• 练习休闲技术，如瑜伽，深呼吸和冥想，这不仅可以帮助您放松，而且还暂时降低血压
• Getting enough sleep (aim for seven to nine hours per night)
• 锻炼
• Listening to music or focusing on something calm and peaceful (4)

RELATED:女人如何能够打击压力以防止高血压

有时饮食和生活方式的变化可能不足以管理高血压和需要药物。有各种血压药物，称为抗高血压性，可通过处方提供。一些最常见的一些包括：

• DiureticsThese help the body get rid of excess salt and water and help control blood pressure.
• Beta-BlockersThese reduce heart rate and the heart's workload, which in turn lowers blood pressure.
• ACE抑制剂Also known as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, these help the body produce less of the chemical angiotensin, which causes the arteries to narrow. These drugs help the blood vessels relax and open up, which lowers blood pressure.
• Calcium Channel Blockers这些防止钙进入心脏和动脉的肌肉细胞。这也有助于血管放松和开放，从而降低血压。
• α-受体阻滞剂These reduce the arteries’ resistance and relax the muscle tone of the vascular walls.
• Central AgonistsThese help decrease the blood vessels’ ability to tense up and contract, thereby helping to lower blood pressure. (10)

Some of these drugs may be taken in combination to treat hypertension. Your doctor will work with you to find a treatment plan that is best for you.

对于许多人来说，在低剂量中服用多种药物可以更有效地治疗高血压，而不是采用较大剂量的单一药物。

有时，您的医生可能需要尝试不同的药物组合，以确定哪个最适合您。仔细遵循建议并向您的医疗保健提供者报告任何副作用非常重要。（11)

Additional reporting by Ashley Welch.