Pink Eye (Conjunctivitis)

What Is Pink Eye (Conjunctivitis)? Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

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Medically Reviewed
根据Mayo诊所的说法，粉红色的眼睛 - 也称为结膜炎 - 是结膜的炎症，覆盖眼睛的白色部分（巩膜）和眼睑的内表面的结膜炎症。

Some forms of conjunctivitis are infectious and can spread very quickly, a fact that’s given pink eye a notorious reputation. Pink eye is most commonly associated with itching and burning in the eyes, discharge, and pink or red discoloration to the whites of the eyes. Pink eye often starts in one eye and then spreads to the other one, according to the National Eye Institute.

Pink eye is a very common eye problem, especially in children. But with proper management, it rarely causes long-term vision damage.

Common Questions & Answers

是什么原因导致Pinkeye？
Pinkeye is most commonly caused by a bacterial or viral infection, but it can also be triggered by allergies or exposure to irritants such as air pollution, smoke, and cosmetics.
How is pinkeye spread?
Pinkeye is spread by hand-to-eye contact, or if the eye comes in contact with a contaminated object. Viral and bacterial conjunctivitis can be spread through the air by coughing and sneezing.
Are there different types of pinkeye?
There are several types, including infectious conjunctivitis, allergic conjunctivitis, irritant or chemical conjunctivitis, and ophthalmia neonatorum.
What are common symptoms of pinkeye?
Pinkeye的症状可能包括眼睛白色的粉红色或红色变色，眼睛疼痛或瘙痒，坚韧不拔或水流，或对明亮光的敏感性。
Pinkeye与其他条件有关吗？
Conjunctivitis has been associated with certain conditions, including psoriatic disease, the removal of enlarged adenoids, and sexually transmitted diseases.

粉红色眼的征兆和症状

Symptoms of pink eye can vary from person to person and depending on the type of conjunctivitis involved. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), in general, symptoms may include:

  • Pink or red discoloration in the white of one or both eyes
  • Pain in one or both eyes that can include itching, burning, or a gritty feeling
  • Watery or gritty discharge from one or both eyes that may cause your eyelids to be stuck together when you wake up in the morning
  • Swollen eyelids
  • Excessive tearing
  • 对明亮光的敏感性

Causes and Risk Factors of Pink Eye

The condition is commonly caused by viral or bacterial infections or anallergic reaction。Exposure to irritants such as air pollution, smoke, and cosmetics can also trigger it. And in babies, an incompletely open tear duct can cause pink eye.

Less commonly, conjunctivitis can be caused by sexually transmitted infections like淋病和chlamydia指出,Merck Manual。

Pink eye is spread by hand-to-eye contact or if the eye comes in contact with contaminated objects. Viral and bacterial conjunctivitis can also be spread through the air by coughing and sneezing, according to the CDC.

有几种类型的结膜炎，每种都有不同的原因。这些包括：

Infectious Conjunctivitis

这种类型是由细菌或更常见的病毒感染引起的。它在人之间迅速传播。

病毒结膜炎通常是由腺病毒引起的，腺病毒是与呼吸道疾病和普通感冒有关的病毒。这可能是暴露于患有高呼吸感染感染的人的咳嗽或打喷嚏的结果，并且随着病毒通过人体传播而发展。

In addition to other viral infections (from the common cold to麻疹），新冠肺炎根据克利夫兰诊所的说法，尽管数据仍然是初步的，但仍与儿童结膜炎有关。

Staphylococcal或者链球菌bacteria usually cause bacterial conjunctivitis. Infection can be spread through person-to-person contact, hand-to-eye contact, or eye contact with a contaminated object such as makeup or contact lenses.

Allergic Conjunctivitis

这种类型往往发生在通常得到的人中allergies当眼睛暴露于引起过敏反应的触发因素或过敏原时，就会发生。

The most common form of allergic conjunctivitis is seasonal. It’s triggered by mold spores or pollen from flowering trees, grass, and weeds.

疾病预防控制中心称，过敏性结膜炎的全年形式通常是由过敏原引起的，例如动物毛或皮屑，羽毛和尘螨。


Irritant or Chemical Conjunctivitis

This type of pink eye is brought on by environmental factors that irritate the eyes. These can include smoke, car exhaust, air pollution, soap, cleaning products, hair spray, makeup, and the chlorine found in swimming pool water, notes the Cleveland Clinic.

Ophthalmia Neonatorum

This severe form of bacterial conjunctivitis occurs in newborn babies. It’s caused by exposure to淋病和衣原体in the birth canal.

How Is Pink Eye Diagnosed?

A doctor or eye care professional can usually diagnose conjunctivitis — and which type you have — through an eye exam.

在考试期间，您的医生可能会问您是否经历了症状，例如：

  • Itching
  • Pain
  • Discharge from the eye
  • 模糊的视野
  • Runny nose
  • 发烧
  • Sore throat
Bacterial conjunctivitis is more commonly associated with a thick, sticky, yellow-green discharge — from the eyelids and corners of the eyes — that lasts all day, according to the American Optometric Association (AOA).

病毒结膜炎也可能会导致出院，但通常是水的。

And viral conjunctivitis is often accompanied by other symptoms such as a cold, flu, or sore throat, notes the AOA.

Pink eye is not typically serious and usually clears up on its own, but the CDC recommends seeing a healthcare provider if you have结膜炎的迹象along with any of the following:

  • Moderate to severe eye pain
  • Intense redness in the eye
  • 对光线或模糊视力的敏感性，即使一旦将任何放电擦掉
  • A weakened immune system, such as fromHIV或者cancer treatment

Is It Conjunctivitis or Something Else?

与粉红色眼睛有关的许多症状与其他眼睛条件重叠。

例如，眼睛白色的粉红色或红色变色可能是严重的炎症状况，例如巩膜炎或葡萄膜炎。巩膜炎是眼睛周围外部保护屏障的炎症。根据2017年4月发表的一篇文章西方急诊医学杂志。

Discharge from conjunctivitis can temporarily affect your eyesight, but blurred vision may also signal other eye problems such asglaucoma，视网膜撕裂或与年龄有关macular degeneration, according to theMerck Manual。

Getting your eyes checked and being properly diagnosed is the key to getting the treatment that you need as soon as possible.

粉红色眼睛的持续时间

如果是由于病毒感染，粉红色的眼睛通常会在两周内单独变得更好。NEI指出，由于细菌感染引起的粉红色眼睛通常会在一周内变得更好，尽管这可能需要超过两个星期才能完全消失。

Antibiotics are generally not needed says the AOA,

并且应该保留成人或儿童即将上班或上学必要的情况。过敏性结膜炎通常在从人的环境中去除违法者后会迅速改善。
If conjunctivitis lasts for more than four weeks, it’s considered chronic, notes the Johns Hopkins Medicine Wilmer Eye Institute.

Treatment and Medication Options for Pink Eye

The treatment you need for conjunctivitis depends on what caused it.

Treatment for Bacterial Conjunctivitis

Bacterial conjunctivitis often goes away on its own and antibiotics are not necessary. But for those with severe symptoms, a weakened immune system, or a persistent infection that doesn’t resolve in a week, this type of infection is treated usingantibioticeye drops or ointments.

You should see improvement within a week.

病毒结膜炎的治疗

没有治疗病毒感染的治疗方法。它必须运行其路线，这可能需要大约两到三周。

Cool or warm compresses can help your eyes feel better. Artificial tears and抗组胺药眼滴也可以帮助缓解症状。

在更严重的情况下，医生可能会为炎症开出类固醇下降，尽管这不会缩短病毒的持续时间。

过敏性结膜炎的治疗

与任何过敏反应一样，去除和避免过敏原是治疗的第一步。

可以使用抗过敏药物治疗这种炎症非甾体类抗炎药（NSAIDS）such as阿司匹林和advil或motrin(ibuprofen). Topical steroid drops may also be prescribed.

治疗刺激性结膜炎

治疗可能涉及一系列仔细的眼睑和用盐水冲洗眼睛。可以开处方类固醇眼滴。化学损伤（例如碱烧伤）可能会造成眼睛损伤，需要立即就医疗护理。

有粉红色眼睛的家庭疗法吗？

没有替代医生定期检查您的眼睛，尤其是当您遇到任何持久或严重的症状时。但是，您可以在家做一些事情来减轻与粉红色眼睛相关的不适感（取决于您的感染类型）。

这些包括：

眼药水被称为人造眼泪的非处方润滑剂滴通常用于缓解眼睛的刺激和发红。它们还可以帮助慢性结膜炎引起的干燥。如果您的结膜炎与过敏有关，抗组胺药眼滴可以减少瘙痒或发红并缓解watery eyes。

热压或冷压根据AOA的说法，对受影响的眼睛或眼睛施加压缩可以帮助缓解病毒或细菌结膜炎的不适。温暖的压缩可以帮助松开和去除排放，并使眼睛感觉更好。凉爽的压缩可以缓解瘙痒并镇定炎症。对于过敏性结膜炎，AOA建议进行凉爽的压缩。如果仅感染一只眼睛，请确保不要以相同的压缩触摸另一只眼睛。

预防粉红色眼睛

为了防止过敏或刺激性的粉红色眼睛，您需要弄清楚是什么触发结膜炎，并将其删除或避免。

当涉及传染性粉红色的眼睛时，预防可能并不总是可能的，但是您可以通过遵循以下步骤来降低捕获结膜炎的风险：

  • Wash your hands regularly and thoroughly.
  • Avoid hand-to-eye contact.
  • Change your pillowcases often.
  • Wash linens and towels in hot water and detergent.
  • Never share eye cosmetics or personal eye-care items.
  • Never use the same eye-drop dispenser for an infected and a noninfected eye.
  • Keep eyeglasses clean.
如果您患有结膜炎，则可以通过采取以下步骤来防止散布它：CDC建议：

  • Wash your hands often with soap and warm water and wash them especially after cleaning, or applying eye drops or ointment to, your infected eye.
  • Avoid touching your eyes.
  • 用干净的湿毛巾或新鲜的棉球每天几次从眼睛周围清洗排放。将棉球和洗涤毛巾与热水和清洁剂处置。确保然后用肥皂和温水再次洗手。
  • 不要将相同的眼睛滴分配器或瓶子用于感染和未感染的眼睛。
  • 在热水和洗涤剂中，通常用洗碗液和毛巾将其洗净。
  • Don’t wear contacts lenses until your eye doctor gives you the okay.
  • Clean your glasses.
  • 不要共享枕头，毛巾，毛巾，眼滴，眼睛或面部化妆，化妆刷，隐形眼镜或眼镜。
  • Don’t use swimming pools.
If you’ve recovered from conjunctivitis, avoid becoming reinfected by doing the following:

  • 处理眼睛感染时使用的任何化妆品。
  • Get rid of disposable contact lenses and lens solutions that you used when you had pink eye.
  • 清洁您在感染时使用的延长搭配隐形眼镜和眼镜。

Complications of Pink Eye

Long-term complications from pink eye are uncommon, but on rare occasions, the cornea can become infected, leading to permanent vision damage, according to Johns Hopkins Medicine.

Newborns have a higher risk of complications. For babies with neonatal infective conjunctivitis, complications may includemeningitis和infection of the bloodstream, notes the CDC.

但是，通过治疗，根据Statpearls的说法，有粉红色眼睛的新生儿的结果很好。

Research and Statistics: Who Gets Pink Eye?

Anyone can get pink eye. In previous research, estimates have put the number of acute conjunctivitis cases in this country as high as six million annually.

病毒结膜炎占所有急性感染性粉红色眼睛的80％。然而，细菌结膜炎是儿童最常见的原因。

Allergic conjunctivitis affects up to 40 percent of the population, most frequently occurring in spring and summer months.

According to one study, the cost of treating bacterial conjunctivitis alone has been estimated at between $377 million and $857 million per year.

Related Conditions and Causes of Pink Eye

Conjunctivitis has been associated with certain conditions, including psoriatic disease, the removal of enlarged adenoids, and性传播疾病（STD）。

Psoriatic Disease

Psoriasis和psoriatic arthritisare autoimmune disorders in which the body’s immune system attacks healthy cells and tissues. Though they are most commonly associated with skin and joint pain, these conditions can affect other parts of the body.

When a银屑病眼睛周围发生爆炸，眼睑和睫毛变成红色和硬皮，并被鳞片覆盖。当眼睑的轮辋掉下来，睫毛摩擦在眼球上时，可能会发生进一步的刺激。

According to a report published in January 2020 the journalJournal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, conjunctivitis prevalence rates in psoriasis patients may exceed 64 percent.

Learn More About Eye Problems and Psoriatic Arthritis

Adenoid Removal (Adenoidectomy)

Research suggests that tonsil (tonsillectomy）和去除腺样体（称为腺样体切除术) are associated with certain allergic and infectious diseases.

Adenoid glands at the back of the nasal passage help prevent bacteria and viruses from entering the body through the nose. If they become too large, they can causesinus或者breathing problems and may require removal.

According to a study published in July 2018 inJAMA耳鼻喉科, removal of the adenoids has been linked with a nearly doubled relative risk of conjunctivitis.

Learn More About an Adenoidectomy

Sexually Transmitted Infections

淋球菌结膜炎是一种结膜炎，是由淋球菌, the bacteria that causes thesexually transmitted disease 淋病。Though considered rare in adults, the disease can spread to the eye through contact, according to StatPearls.

Chlamydia疾病预防控制中心，疾病预防症中心指出，气脊髓理感染或衣原体会引起某些类型的结膜炎，例如包含结膜炎和沙眼瘤。

Gonococcal and chlamydial conjunctivitis can also occur in newborns because a mother can pass on infectious conjunctivitis during childbirth.

Learn More About Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)

Resources We Love

Favorite Organizations for Essential Pink Eye Info

American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO)

Learn the fundamentals of pink eye from the professional medical association of ophthalmologists (medical doctors who specialize in eye care). The site displays some visual examples of conjunctivitis, as well as quick home remedies.

美国验光协会（AOA）

AOA看着红眼的基本方面, including causes, diagnosis, and treatment. Because goodhygieneis one of the best ways to control conjunctivitis, the association instructs readers on best practices to prevent this inflammation.

The College of Optometrists

The College of Optometrists highlights guidelines on the diagnosis and management on a type of conjunctivitis that occurs in newborns within the first month of life. The cause is a sexually transmitted disease in a parent. The site discusses diagnosis, prevention, and treatment.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

CDC提供深入了解原因,treatments, and the different types of pink eye, including viral, bacterial, and allergic conjunctivitis. The site features a podcast by apediatrician谁专门研究这种情况。

HealthyChildren.org

A digital extension from the American Academy of Pediatrics, this group answers parents’ health questions regarding kids of all ages, including inquiries concerning conjunctivitis. For example: “Do I need to keep my son home if he has pink eye?”

国家眼科研究所(NEI)

国立卫生研究院的一部分，NEI列出了有关粉红色眼睛的事实，告诉您如何识别它，照顾它并避免完全得到它。您还可以搜索有关该主题的新闻，事件和最新研究。

最喜欢的相关粉红色眼睛信息的组织

American Board of Internal Medicine Foundation (ABIMF)

ABIMF支持明智的选择，以促进临床医生与患者之间的对话。该站点介绍了几种眼睑受试者，例如结膜炎。该网站解释了何时且不需要抗生素来粉红色的眼睛。

Measles and Rubella Initiative

Because measles has been making a comeback recently among unvaccinated children and pink eye can be a symptom of measles, it’s helpful to know othersymptoms of measles以及如何识别潜在的威胁生命的疾病。麻疹和风疹倡议描述了麻疹的严重健康后果以及疫苗接种如此重要。

Additional reporting by Shira Feder.

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