什么是梦游？症状，原因，诊断，治疗和预防

Some people who sleepwalk perform complex behaviors while asleep, such as driving.

梦游是一种睡眠障碍，被正式称为somnambulism，一个人下床，四处走动或进行其他活动，同时仍在睡觉或处于睡眠状态。

睡眠分为两种不同的状态：快速移动（REM），在发生生动的梦中和非比式眼动运动（NREM）。

NREM进一步分为与大脑中不同电活动和睡眠深度相关的三个阶段。

Each night, you go through several cycles of REM and NREM sleep.

梦游通常发生在最深的NREM睡眠阶段 - 称为N3或慢波睡眠。

根据2013年的评论，它也可以在N2或轻度睡眠期间发生The Lancet Neurology.

Why Do People Sleepwalk?

It's unclear what exactly causes people to sleepwalk.

梦游长期以来一直被认为是一种唤醒疾病，其中某些大脑在NREM之后没有完全激活 - 导致一个人被完全入睡和完全清醒。

另一个理论认为，梦游可能是慢波睡眠调节功能障碍的结果。

Whatever the case, there are many factors that can contribute to sleepwalking, including:

• Various stimulant and depressant medications, such aslithium，Ambien（zolpidemtartrate), andWellbutrin或Zyban（安非他酮）
• Sleep deprivation
• 酒精消耗
• Airway disorders, such as阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停
• 心理障碍，例如压力，焦虑或抑郁
• 童年创伤
• 偏头痛headaches
• Otherbob ios下载 , such as发肠病毒和restless legs syndrome
• 某些医疗状况，例如甲状腺功能亢进, head injury,胃食管反流疾病（GERD）, and stroke
• Travel

Sleepwalking also appears to run in families.

About 80 percent of adult sleepwalkers have at least one family member who also sleepwalks, and sleepwalking is more common in children with a parent who has a history of it, according toThe Lancet Neurologyreport.

Sleepwalking Prevalence

美国国立卫生研究院（National Institutes of Health）称，梦游在儿童中更为常见，这很可能是因为人们随着N3的年龄增长而少的N3睡眠。

According toThe Lancet Neurologyreview, the prevalence of sleepwalking rises and falls throughout childhood. Sleepwalking affects:

• 大约3％的幼儿在2.5至4岁之间
• 7至8岁儿童中约有11％
• About 13.5 percent of 10-year-olds
• About 12.7 percent of 12-year-olds

然后，梦游的速度在青春期迅速下降。大约只有2％至4％的成年人梦游。

梦游的体征和症状

Sleepwalking often occurs soon after a person goes to sleep, usually within one to two hours. Even though the condition is called "sleepwalking," people often engage in numerous other types of behavior.

有时，这些行为很简单，例如手势或指向墙壁或说话。但是某些行为可能更复杂。

这些行为可以包括：

• 穿衣服
• 烹饪或准备小吃
• Driving a vehicle
• 演奏乐器
• Engaging in sexual activity (this is sometimes considered a separate issue distinct from sleepwalking, called性爱)
• 从事不寻常的活动,这样的as urinating in a closet (generally occurs in children)
• Engaging in dangerous activities, such as jumping out a window

People who sleepwalk may also exhibit other symptoms during or after an episode, such as:

• Sitting up in bed and opening their eyes, often with a glazed-over expression or blank look on their face
• 醒来后的混乱或迷失方向
• 梦游情节的健忘症（部分或全部记忆丧失）
• 难以从梦游引起
• 被唤醒后积极进取

Research also suggests that sleepwalking can cause excessive sleepiness or drowsiness during the day.

如何诊断为梦游？

通常不需要从医疗保健专业人员身上诊断出梦游的诊断，因为您很可能会自己注意到自己的行为（除非您独自生活并且完全不知道您的夜间习惯）。

But your doctor may give you a physical or psychological exam to rule out other possible causes of your behavior.

Certain conditions, such as REM-sleep behavior disorder and nocturnal frontal lobe癫痫，可能导致复杂的睡眠行为，可能看起来与梦游相似。

In some cases, a sleep study (多聚词) — in which you spend a night in a sleep lab, where technicians take physiological measurements while you sleep — may be required for an accurate diagnosis.

梦游的治疗和药物选择

偶尔的梦游通常不是必需的治疗。但是，如果您的病情导致干扰或危险行为，您的医生可能会建议治疗。

治疗可能涉及：

• 纠正梦游的根本原因，例如睡眠剥夺或医疗状况
• Anticipatory awakenings, in which you're awoken shortly before the time you normally start to sleepwalk
• 镇静剂medication in thebenzodiazepineclass, such asValium (diazepam),克洛诺平（氯硝西am）, orTofranil (imipramine)
• Hypnosis