什么是脑震荡？症状，原因，诊断和治疗

脑震荡是一种温和的创伤性脑损伤（MTBI），这是由头部和身体的头部或剧烈摇动引起的。它可以发生或没有意识丧失，可能导致临时认知问题。

根据疾病控制和预防的中心（CDC），脑震荡是最常见的TBI形式。（1的）

2014年，美国约有812,000名儿童在美国急诊室进行治疗，震荡或创伤性脑损伤。（1）

大多数得到脑脑会恢复的人，但对于一些人来说，症状可以持续时间，几个星期或更长时间。恢复期对于老年人，幼儿和青少年可能更长。

特别是早期，脑震荡的症状可能被忽视或错误地忽略了严重的健康问题。有时，有脑脑的人不承认症状，将它们与其他东西混为一组，或者不想承认可能有问题。其他人可能无法理解他们的身体发生了什么以及如何影响他们的日常生活。

Therefore, it’s especially important to know the signs of a concussion and be vigilant in looking out for them, especially when someone has experienced a blow to the head.

Symptoms of a concussion fall into four categories: physical, cognitive, emotional or mood-related, and sleep, per the CDC.

Physical symptoms of a concussion include:

• Headache
• Fuzzy or blurred vision
• 恶心或呕吐
• Dizziness
• 对噪音或光的敏感性
• Balance problems
• 感到疲倦或拥有没有能量

脑脑的认知症状包括：

• Difficulty thinking clearly
• 感觉放慢了
• Difficulty concentrating
• 难以记住新信息

脑脑的情绪症状包括：

• Irritability
• 悲伤
• 不稳定的情绪
• Nervousness or anxiety
• 睡得或多或少于通常的，或睡着的麻烦（2的）

Some symptoms may appear right away while others may not show for days or even months after the injury.

Although rare, a person with a concussion can develop a dangerous血块或者脑筋流血，将大脑危害颅骨，有时可能是致命的。

Contact your doctor or local emergency department immediately if you experience any of the following danger signs after a blow, bump, or jolt to the body or head:

• A headache that gets worse and does not go away
• 弱点，麻木，或减少协调
• 重复呕吐或恶心
• Slurred speech

如果您关心您认为可能脑脑震荡的人，请立即将它们带到急诊室：

• Look very drowsy or cannot wake up
• Have one pupil larger than the other
• 有癫痫发作或抽搐
• 无法识别人或地方
• 正在变得更加困惑，不安或激动
• Are behaving unusually
• 失去知觉

孩子们的危险迹象可以包括以上所有，以及拒绝护理或吃和哭泣不会停止。（2）

Learn More About Concussion Symptoms

脑震荡是由头部和头部的头部或剧烈摇动引起的。

CDC statistics from 2014 report that falls are the leading cause of traumatic brain injuries, and are most common in the youngest and oldest age groups. Falls account for almost one-half of all TBI-related emergency room visits.

被对象或对象（包括娱乐或职业运动的同时）是2014年美国脑脑脑脑脑震荡的第二名。TBIS也可以由汽车崩溃和故意自我伤害造成的。（1）

Oftentimes a concussion is diagnosed in an emergency room after a fall or accident or after an incident during a sports game. A concussion can also be diagnosed later on, when a person seeks treatment following symptoms that started after the initial blow.

There is no simple test for diagnosing a concussion. Rather, it is a several step process that involves the following:

• An interview where doctors will document the extent of any loss of consciousness or loss of memory leading up to the event, or loss of memory of the event or after the injury, as well as any other symptoms
• 使用若干标准化尺度之一的症状的范围和严重程度，最常见的是作为侧链脑震荡评估工具（SCAT-5），它评估症状，关注和记忆，询问最近的事件，并分析平衡和分析根据2017年4月发布的一篇文章的介绍的协调British Journal of Sports Medicine（3.的）
• Examination for any neurologic signs and symptoms, including testing strength, sensation, reflexes, coordination, mental status, nerve functions, and other neurological functions to determine the severity of the brain injury

Sometimes brain imaging may be recommended for patients with symptoms of severe headaches, seizures, repeated vomiting, or symptoms that continue to worsen. A cranial computerized tomography (CT) scan can determine whether the injury is severe and has caused bleeding or swelling in the brain, notes the United Kingdom's National Health Service (NHS). (4.的）

In recent years, researchers have been working on more effective ways to diagnose concussions. Several companies are working to develop simpleblood tests这将检测在2017年1月发布的一项研究中遭受脑震荡的人中存在的生物标志物神经病学。（5.的）

虽然尚未准备好公共使用，但研究人员希望这些测试将逐步呼出脑震荡，并在发生之前帮助防止严重并发症。

Most people who get a concussion will recover within a few days. But for some people symptoms can last for weeks or even longer.

How quickly someone improves depends on many factors, including severity of the concussion, their age, how healthy they were before the injury, and how well they care for themselves after the concussion.

恢复期对于老年人，幼儿和青少年可能更长，注意到CDC。（6.的）

Most people recover completely from a concussion, but how soon that happens depends on several factors, including the severity of the trauma, age, how healthy someone was before the concussion, and how that person takes care of themselves afterward.

The most important step inconcussion recoveryis getting plenty of rest, which is necessary to help the brain heal. It's also important to avoid physically and mentally demanding activities until symptoms subside.

药物可能被规定处理头痛疼痛那nausea, or sleep problems related to the traumatic brain injury.

A doctor might also prescribe a number of therapies to help with the rehabilitation process, including physical therapy, occupational therapy, and vestibular therapy, notes the CDC. (7.的）

了解有关脑震荡治疗的更多信息

Symptoms of most concussions and other mild TBIs will go away on their own within one to six weeks. But for some people, symptoms last longer and may cause complications.

These complications can includepost-concussion syndrome那which is characterized byheadaches and dizziness那不会消失;post-traumatic vertigo那or dizziness that accompanies movement; and second impact syndrome, which happens when a second concussion occurs before the first one has had time to completely heal. This can lead to rapid and severe brain swelling, which can turn fatal, notes the NHS. (8.的）

研究也将中度至严重的脑创伤联系起来，风险增加阿尔茨海默氏病and other types of失智。阿尔茨海默'S协会正在呼吁更多研究以更好地了解链接。（9.的）

Learn More About the Possible Complications of Concussions

根据CDC的最新数据，2014年美国约有287万TBI相关的急诊室访问，住院，住院治疗和死亡。

创伤性脑损伤导致约56,800人死亡，包括儿童超过2,500人死亡。TBI于2014年被诊断为约288,000家住院，包括超过23,000名儿童。

Also that year, an estimated 812,000 children were treated in emergency departments for concussion or TBI. (1)

睡眠障碍在脑震荡等创伤性脑损伤后常见，并且影响30％至70％的人。常见的睡眠问题包括失眠那睡眠呼吸暂停，难以睡着了，白天嗜睡和narcolepsy。

睡觉disturbances can occur regardless of the severity of a brain injury. In fact, research suggests thatbob ios下载 affect individuals with a concussion or mild TBI more severely. This could be a result of the individual being more aware of their deficits or increased social pressure to reintegrate into their daily life, since a concussion is often viewed as a less severe form of brain injury.

It's important to talk to your doctor about any sleep problems you're experiencing following a TBI so that proper treatment can be administered. Treatment may include sleep medication,认知行为治疗或者，每次过去的研究或其他行为修改。（10）

了解有关睡眠障碍和脑损伤的更多信息以及一个女人如何处理问题

多年来，医生对男人和女性的脑震荡相同。但现在研究表明，创伤性脑损伤对两种性别产生了不同的影响。例如，研究表明，女运动员维持比男性更多的脑震荡。（11.）女性也需要更长时间才能复苏和体验更严重的症状。（12.的）

Learn More About How Concussions Are Different in Males Versus Females

A common cause of concussion is trauma during a professional or recreational sport, including but not limited to football, soccer, and hockey.

2014年，估计812,000.孩子们在美国的急诊部门对待脑震荡或TBI。（1）

虽然足球似乎在谈到时最受关注体育中脑震​​荡，伤害在许多其他人中是常见的，特别是在女性体育中。其他体育呼气率很高，包括冰和现场曲棍球，曲棍球，足球，篮球，排球，啦啦队，体操，摔跤，棒球和垒球。

治疗脑震荡在体育运动中,很多post-concussion rehab protocols use exercise of graded intensity (rather than pure rest) prior to return to play.

了解有关体育和脑震荡的更多信息

Traumatic brain injuries are the largest cause of emergency room visits for children. Bumps on the head, falls, or playing field scuffles can all cause injuries ranging from mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBIs) or concussions to severe TBIs.

If you suspect that your child has had a concussion, go to the emergency room if you see any of the following signs:

• 意识丧失
• 麻烦行走
• 模糊的视野
• 严重的头痛,头痛,或者更糟

如果你的孩子在头部击中后抱怨头痛，头晕或记忆问题，请致电你的医生。医生将进行体检，并将测试平衡，协调和神经功能等物品。还可以执行脑扫描以排除内部出血。

Fast action can lead to a proper diagnosis and treatment to help your child recover. Since concussions are unique to each individual your child'S医生将根据具体症状进行治疗。如果脑震荡不足以保证到医院的旅行，你的孩子'医生将提供家庭护理的说明。

家庭护理包括以下内容：

• 身体休息直到症状消退
• Mental rest and avoidance of mentally taxing activities until symptoms subside
• 吃得很好，避免咖啡因
• 避免明亮的灯光或响亮的噪音，这可能会使症状变得更糟

Note that it is no longer recommended to wake a child every few hours when he or she is sleeping to check for symptoms. Also, children can usually return to their normal activities within a few days or weeks and should stop what they are doing if symptoms return. (6)

了解有关儿童脑震荡的更多信息以及妈妈的迅速行动如何导致女儿快速康复从脑震荡中恢复

头痛，头晕，视力模糊 - 你如何了解脑震荡的迹象？为了接受及时治疗和预防并发症，它'重要的是要意识到可能发生脑震荡的方式以及可能存在的症状。

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