什么是多发性硬化症？症状，原因，诊断，治疗和预防

Multiple sclerosis, or MS, is a disease of the central nervous system that can cause symptoms throughout the body. Most experts believe it is an autoimmune condition, in which the immune system mistakenly attacks normal tissues in the body.

在MS的情况下，免疫系统会攻击通常保护大脑，脊髓和视神经的神经纤维的髓鞘。在这次攻击中，基础神经纤维也可能损坏或破坏。

As the attack progresses, the myelin sheath becomes inflamed and gradually is destroyed, leaving areas of patchy scar tissue (sclerosis) that disrupt the electrical impulses between the brain and other parts of the body.

The term “multiple sclerosis” refers to the multiple areas of scar tissue — often called “lesions” — that develop along affected nerve fibers and that are visible inMRIscans. The literal meaning of “sclerosis” is “pathological hardening of tissue.”

由MS引起的病变以及整个人体神经冲动的破坏是导致大多数与多发性硬化症相关的症状。

长期以来，科学家已经描述了不同类型的MS，最常见的是复发复发的MS，初级过程MS和次要进行MS。但是近年来，人们普遍认为这些不是不同类型的MS，而是沿着连续体的指数。在某些时候，炎症是该疾病的主要特征，而在其他情况下，神经退行性（其中脑部的旧损伤和脊髓恶化）占主导地位。

Nonetheless, mostpeople with MSare still diagnosed with a particular type of the disease.

Relapsing-Remitting MS (RRMS)

This type of MS is characterized by periods of active inflammation in the central nervous system, during which symptoms worsen (and new symptoms may develop), alternating with periods when symptoms are less acute.

The times when symptoms worsen are known asrelapses, flares, or exacerbations。As a relapse ends, the severity of symptoms diminishes, but a person can be left with new, permanent symptoms.

The quiet periods between relapses are called remissions. Remissions may last for months or years before a relapse occurs.

RRMS是最常见的MS类型 - 估计值有所不同，但有80％至90％的MS患者被诊断出这种疾病的复发过程，大多数RRMS患者最终会发展为二级制作MS。

了解有关复发的MS的更多信息

Secondary-Progressive MS (SPMS)

这种类型的MS通常被认为是RRMS的第二阶段，其中症状进展和残疾增加。患有SPM的人可能会继续发生复发，尽管它们的频率可能不如RRMS。

Most people who are diagnosed with RRMS will最终过渡到SPM，，，，but each person’s experience with it — whether or not they have relapses and how much progression, or disease worsening, occurs — will be unique.

Learn More About Secondary-Progressive MS

Primary-Progressive MS (PPMS)

InPPMSthere is no initial relapse that signals the beginning of the disease. Instead, MS symptoms gradually appear over time.

Those who have PPMS generally do not experience acute exacerbations or have distinct remissions, but they may have temporary plateaus during which symptoms lessen somewhat.

About 15 percent of people with MS arediagnosed with PPMS，，，，according to the National多发性硬化社会（NMS）。（（1）

Learn More About Primary-Progressive MS

Benign MS

一小部分患有MS的人具有这种​​疾病的良性形式，在初次攻击后，症状在一个人的一生中很少进展。

There’s some controversy over how (or whether) to classify people with benign MS, since the progress of the disease can vary over a person’s lifetime, according to the NMSS.

Malignant MS

少数具有MS的人患有恶性MS，这是大脑和脊柱病变快速形成的标志，导致严重的症状，残疾和可能死亡。

The nerve damage that occurs in MS can lead to a broad range of symptoms, depending on what part of the central nervous system has been attacked. MS can affect numerous areas of the brain, as well as the optic nerve — the nerve that transmits signals from the eye to the brain — and the spinal cord.

人们经常说，没有两个人的症状模式完全相同。此外，随着时间的推移，个人的症状可能会随着时间的流逝而变化或波动。

Common Symptoms

Some common early symptoms of MS includevisual problems，，，，difficulties with balance and walking,numbness and tingling，，，，和heat intolerance.

Other common symptoms include:

• 焦虑
• 膀胱和boweldysfunction
• Depression
• 头晕
• 疲劳
• 肌肉痉挛
• Pain
• Problems with thinking and memory
• Sexual dysfunction
• Sleep problems
• 眩晕
• 弱点

Uncommon Symptoms

多发性硬化症的症状不太常见包括：

• Breathing problems
• Difficulty moving arms
• Difficulty reading facial expressions
• Diminished fine motor control in hands
• Diminished sense of taste or smell
• 头痛
• 听力损失
• 超敏反应
• Itchy skin oraltered sensations
• Lhermitte’s sign
• “MS hug透明
• 伪卵子影响
• Seizures
• Sensitivity to cold
• Speaking problems
• Swallowing problems
• 震颤
• Trigeminal neuralgia

In many cases, MS symptoms can be treated, sometimes with medication and sometimes with a form of rehabilitation, such as physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy, or cognitive therapy.有沮丧的女士的人can often be helped by the same types ofantidepressants，心理治疗和生活方式改变，对没有MS的沮丧人有益。

Even when treatment can’t alleviate an MS symptom entirely, it can often reduce its severity.

What Is a Multiple Sclerosis Relapse?

A relapse, or flare, is a worsening of existing MS symptoms — physical and cognitive — often accompanied by the appearance of new symptoms. Relapses occur because of inflammation of previously existing lesions, new areas of inflammation in the central nervous system, or both.

Typically, relapses come on over hours or days and can last for days or weeks.

一个真正的复发发生后至少30天most recent relapse and lasts for at least 24 hours. Shorter periods of symptom worsening, called pseudoexacerbations, can be triggered by heat, stress, and fatigue, among other things. However, once the underlying cause of a pseudoexacerbation is reduced or eliminated, the MS symptoms should abate too.

Treatment for a relapse often includes a short course of high-dose steroids, such asSolu-Medrol (methylprednisolone)，在门诊诊所或输液中心静脉内交付。类固醇速度恢复，但无法修复因炎症引起的神经系统的任​​何新损害。

A person may recover fully from a relapse or may have lingering symptoms afterward. While the use of disease-modifying drugs (DMDs) should reduce the number of relapses an individual has — and therefore the amount of residual disability — at least one study of more than 1600 people with MS who were taking DMDs, published in November 2018 in the journalMultiple Sclerosis，在12个月后，在患有严重复发的人中发现了很高的恢复率很高。（（2）

Learn More About Signs and Symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis

MS的原因是未知的 - 没有人知道首先会导致MS病变的免疫反应引发的原因。但是，人们认为遗传敏感性和环境原因的某种组合对于触发疾病是必要的。

Some researchers suspect the immune attack is triggered by certain kinds ofviral infections。其他人则指向低vitamin Dlevels as a contributing cause. Cigarette smoking is also known to raise the risk of developing MS. (3）

大多数被诊断出患有MS的人没有已知的危险因素。大约有20％的患有MS的人有一个家庭成员，但即使拥有MS相同的双胞胎也只会增加20％至40％的风险。因此，即使拥有MS的家族史会增加风险，但MS也不被认为是遗传或遗传性疾病。

MS的其他一些风险因素包括成为女性vitamin D deficiency，肥胖，具有自身免疫性状况，吸烟，暴露于爱泼斯坦 - 巴尔病毒，，，，having multiple脑震荡在青春期，远离赤道。

Learn More About Causes of Multiple Sclerosis: Common Risk Factors, Genetics, and More

通常，MS是根据一个人的症状史进行诊断的，以及各种医疗测试的结果，其中可能包括：

• 对身体运动和协调，视觉，平衡和心理功能的神经系统评估
• Blood teststo rule out other conditions
• 磁共振成像（MRI）扫描以检测MS典型的脑病变
• Lumbar puncture（脊柱水龙头）获得脑脊液，其中可能包含MS患者更有可能发现的物质

Diagnosing MS early is critical so that treatment can begin early, with the goal of slowing the progression of the disease.

但是，没有一个单一的测试可以明确诊断该疾病，MS症状模仿了许多其他疾病。

此外，MS的症状及其严重程度因人而异。症状也可以从一天或一周到下一个，并随着时间的流逝而逐渐变化。

All of this makes diagnosing MS a challenge, even with a newly revised set of guidelines known as the McDonald Criteria, which spell out what’s needed to accurately diagnose MS.

多发性硬化症的预后

根据国家MS社会，尽管MS有时可能是一种使人衰弱的疾病，但大多数患有疾病的人并没有严重残疾。

许多有MS的人能够在辅助设备（例如拐杖或拐杖）的帮助下保持其流动性，经常补充scooters or motorized wheelchairs长距离。大约有三分之一的女士完全失去了走路的能力。

具有最佳预后的MS的人通常是那些：

• Are female
• Were younger than 30 when the disease started (4）
• 攻击很少
• Have relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS)
• 在诊断扫描中几乎没有疾病的迹象

A study reported in August 2019 in the journalBrainmay improve doctors’ ability to give long-term prognoses to those in the early stages of MS. (5）

研究人员发现大脑和脊髓MRI不久之后完成clinically isolated syndrome (CIS)，，，，or a single episode of demyelination, predicted disease progression 15 years later. CIS sometimes, but not always, develops into MS. In the 166 study participants who were assessed after 15 years, certain types of lesions on their initial MRIs were linked to development of secondary-progressive MS at follow-up.

了解有关诊断多发性硬化症的更多信息

MS是无法治愈的，因此它可以持续一生。这很少致命，尽管研究表明，至少在发达国家，它会将一个人的预期寿命缩短约六到七年。（（6，，，，7）

Studies that have examined causes of death among people with MS have found pulmonary (lung) infections to be a primary cause of excessive death in this population, and one study found that败血症是与MS相关死亡的主要原因。（（8，，，，9）

Sepsis is a life-threatening, whole-body inflammation that is triggered by a severe infection. It most commonly occurs in people with a weakened immune system.

But with better treatments now available for MS, the gap in life expectancy for people with MS may decrease. There are now several MS drugs that can slow the progression of the disease and reduce the frequency and severity of relapses.

MS的治疗通常包括调整疾病的药物，以减少患有疾病的人的数量和严重性，并减缓疾病进展。但是这些药物不治疗MS症状，也不有效地缩短正在进行的MS复发。

因此，治疗MS通常涉及多收益的方法，包括：

• Using high doses of steroids or sometimes plasmapheresis to shorten relapses
• Using disease-modifying therapies to prevent relapses and disease progression
• Treating the symptoms of MS using medication, physical therapy, other types of rehabilitative therapies, a healthy lifestyle, and complementary treatments
• Providing counseling and support for depression, anxiety, and other mood disorders

Disease-Modifying Therapy Options

For people who have relapsing-remitting MS, a handful of disease-modifying drugs can slow the progression of multiple sclerosis and lower the frequency and severity of acute attacks.

对于主要进行MS的人，只有一种药物，Ocrevus（（ocrelizumab），已证明可以减少残疾进展的可能性。

对于具有“活跃”次级制作MS的人来说，这意味着他们仍然会经历复发和新的病变，他们的MRI，两种药物，两种药物，Maysent（Siponimod）和马文克拉（Cladribine），在2019年春季获得批准。

Learn More About Medication for Multiple Sclerosis

Treatments for MS Symptoms

医生可以开出各种各样的药物来缓解与MS有关的症状，包括镇痛药for pain; antispasmodics, such asbaclofen，，，，和muscle relaxants, such asZanaflex (tizanidine)，，，，to ease muscle spasticity; andAmpyra (dalfampridine)to improve walking ability.

Physical therapy can also be helpful for dealing with fatigue, weakness, pain, and spasticity. A physical therapist can prescribe exercises, stretches, and alternative ways of performing physical tasks to improve energy levels and physical functioning.

职业疗法通常用于寻找实现日常生活任务的更简单或替代方法，包括使用辅助设备和节能技术。

您的医生还可以推荐您进行语音语言疗法，以解决讲话或吞咽，认知康复的问题，以帮助记忆和思考任务，以及在抑郁症，焦虑，悲伤或简单地与患有慢性病有关的抑郁，焦虑，悲伤或简单的困扰方。

除了正式的康复和治疗外，还显示运动和冥想都可以改善MS患者的功能和生活质量。

了解有关多发性硬化症治疗的更多信息：药物疗法，康复，替代和补充疗法等等

As of yet, there’s no sure-fire way to prevent multiple sclerosis, in large part because the cause of the disease is not yet fully understood. But there are some healthy behaviors that can reduce an individual’s risk of MS.

Vitamin D

Getting adequate vitamin D — from sunlight, food, and supplements — is one way to potentially lower your risk of MS. A study published in April 2018 inNeurologyfound that growing up in a sunny area and having a high amount of sun exposure in the summer was associated with a lower risk of developing MS. (10），在2018年10月发表的一项研究中国际神经科学杂志，，，，the people diagnosed with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) who went on to develop MS had lower vitamin D levels than those who didn’t. (11）

So while there’s no guarantee that upping your vitamin D levels will prevent MS, it’s also likely to do no harm, as long as you stay within两次阳光暴露的安全限制和vitamin D supplementation。

Smoking

不吸烟是可能降低MS风险的另一种策略。众所周知，吸烟者和暴露于二手烟的人会增加发展MS的风险，according to the National Multiple Sclerosis Society。戒烟may therefore lower your own risk and that of the people around you.

Healthy Weight

Maintaining a健康体重，尤其是在童年时期，，，，may also lower a person’s MS risk. A study published in May 2019 inJAMA神经病学发现儿童的肥胖与小儿MS的风险增加有关。此外，肥胖的孩子对一线的反应不佳女士药物比那些没有的人。（（12）

Obesity in early life has also been associated with a higher risk of developing MS as an adult, according to a review published in March 2018 in当前的神经科和神经科学报告。（（13）

了解有关多发性硬化症的预防措施的更多信息

Beyond the direct effects of MS symptoms — of which there are many and of varying severity — there can be additional consequences of some symptoms.

尿路感染

膀胱problems are very common in people with MS, affecting at least 80 percent of them, according to the National Multiple Sclerosis Society.

有些人难以在incontinence），，，，while others can't fully empty their bladder (retention).

未能清空膀胱，完全增加了开发urinary tract infection (UTI)，，，，which can cause worsening of MS symptoms, as well as discomfort when urinating, needing to urinate frequently, and releasing only small amounts of urine.

肺炎

Sometimes people with MS have trouble swallowing, known as dysphagia. When the timing of a swallow is off, or the muscles involved in swallowing are weak, foods and liquids may enter the airway instead of the esophagus, where they belong.

If the person cannotcoughforcefully enough to expel them, the food and liquid can end up in the lungs. This can lead to吸入性肺炎，，，，a serious condition that can require hospitalization.

Symptoms of aspiration pneumonia may include chest pain, fever,呼吸急促，，，，和coughing up foul-smellingphlegm。You should seek medical help if you experience these symptoms.

Physical Trauma From Falling

许多MS症状，包括平衡问题，肌肉无力，疲劳，头晕，视力模糊和麻木，会增加跌倒的风险。

Falls, in turn, raise the risk of serious injuries, such as broken bones and head trauma. Falling can also lead to fear of falling, which typically causes a person to become less active, weaker, and even more prone to falling.

尽管并非所有跌倒都可以避免，但许多人可以通过一系列策略来建立腿部力量，改善平衡，防止房屋摔倒并解决潜在的头晕原因。

Pressure Sores

拥有大部分时间坐着或躺着的MS的人需要注意 - 并采取措施预防 -pressure sores。Also known as bedsores or pressureulcers，压疮是由于向该区域施加压力太长而导致皮肤受损的区域。

他们倾向于发展的区域的骨头close to the skin, such as the heels, tailbone, shoulder blades, and elbows. A combination of moving more often, using special cushions or mattresses, and checking your skin every day can help to prevent pressure sores or catch them early.

Learn More About MS Complications

抑郁症在拥有MS的人中很常见，而不仅仅是因为患有不可预测的进展疾病压力很大。

Depression in MSmay be a direct result of the immune system's attack on the protective myelin sheaths that envelop nerve fibers, causing behavioral changes, including depression.

多发性硬化症还可以改变所谓的人体神经内分泌系统，该系统监督激素释放，包括涉及抑郁症的激素，例如5-羟色胺。

Additionally, the medicines used to treat MS, such asinterferon beta，也可能导致抑郁症。

And sometimes depression develops as a result of the stresses and challenges associated with having MS.

The good news: No matter what its underlying cause, depression in people with MS can be treated with psychotherapy, medication, or a combination of the two.

For decades, most major health organizations estimated the prevalence of MS in the United States at 400,000, but research published in March 2019 in the journalNeurologyupped the estimate of the number of Americans living with MS to 1 million. The researchers used private, military, and public health claims data to arrive at this number. (14）

Going forward, more and better information about MS trends in America, including the number of new cases, should be available through the CDC’sNational Neurological Conditions Surveillance System，国会为2019财政年度拨款500万美元。

同时，有关MS的目前所知的是，尽管任何人都可以开发它，但其中许多具有以下特征的人：

AgeThe majority experience their first symptoms between the ages of 20 and 40.

RaceCaucasians have long been believed to be more than twice as likely as other races to develop MS. But theunderrepresentationof racial and ethnic minorities in clinical trials calls this belief into question.

性别MS is 2 to 3 times more common in women as in men. (15）

ClimateMS is 5 times more common in temperate climates — like the northern United States, Canada, and Europe — than in tropical climates.

基因People whose close relatives have MS are more susceptible to developing the disease, but there is no evidence the disease is directly inherited.

Black Americans and Multiple Sclerosis

It’s unknown exactly how common MS is among Black Americans, in part because researchers have only just begun to investigate this question, and in part because the complex causes of MS mean that the incidence of disease is likely to vary from one study population to another.

根据他的研究医学博士布鲁斯·克里（Bruce Cree），，，，a neurologist and the clinical research director at the multiple sclerosis center at the University of California in San Francisco, estimates that compared with people of Northern European ancestry in the United States, those of African ancestry develop MS at about half the rate. Yet Black Americans tend to develop more aggressive forms of MS than white Americans do, with a larger percentage having spinal lesions, indicating more aggressive disease.

至于在黑人美国人中治疗MS，研究通常表明，对白人效果更好的MS治疗对非洲裔美国人的工作也更好，尽管该领域的证据受到限制。确实，黑人美国人在很大程度上缺席了MS治疗的临床试验，这一事实是Jagannadha “Jay” Avasarala, MD，，，，a neurologist and MS specialist at the UK Kentucky Neuroscience Institute in Lexington finds “unacceptable,” but for which he acknowledges there may be no “easy fix.”

同时，任何种族的人都有表明MS的症状，应寻求医疗护理进行诊断和适当的治疗。

了解有关MS如何影响黑人美国人的更多信息

尽管在许多情况下，疾病之间的联系尚不清楚，但MS的患者的频率更高，而MS不一定是直接症状或并发症，但尚不清楚许多医疗状况。头痛，migraine，，，，fibromyalgia，，，，和epilepsy are four such conditions.

头痛和Migraine

头痛，，，，和particularly migraine, are more common among people with MS than the general public, and the reasons for this are not fully understood. While some studies have found that starting disease-modifying therapies to treat MS reduces the incidence and frequency of headache, others have found that certain MS therapies are linked to more headaches.

For example, a study reported in the January 2019 issue ofMultiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders发现在754名研究参与者中有68％的人报告头痛，其中39％为偏头痛，20％的紧张型头痛和38％的药物过度头痛。虽然20％的参与者报告了他们的头痛开始，然后才开始使用MS疾病改良疗法，但80％的人表示，开始药物治疗后开始头痛。在接受干扰素β药物治疗的患者中，还有更多的头痛，其中有几种批准用于MS治疗。（（16）

但是在2019年2月发表的一项研究中欧洲神经病学，参与者报告发起MS药物后的头痛较少。这项研究的研究人员向50名具有新发行的MS的人询问了他们最近的头痛史。在出现神经系统症状的四周内，有78％的头痛，最常见于偏头痛或可能的偏头痛。六个月后，患有头痛的人中的百分比下降到61％。研究人员得出的结论是，频繁的头痛可能是MS的早期迹象，并且研究中的头痛减少可能是给予治疗MS的免疫调节疗法作用的结果。（（17）

纤维肌痛

纤维肌痛is sometimes mistaken for MS, and MS is sometimes mistaken for fibromyalgia. Both occur more frequently in women, and both can cause pain, fatigue, and brain fog, among other symptoms. But is there a connection between the two that goes beyond these commonalities?

A study published online in July 2018 inMultiple Sclerosis Journalexamined the health records of nearly 14,000 people with MS from four Canadian locations and compared them with the records of nearly 67,000 people without MS. The researchers found that fibromyalgia was 3 times more common in the people diagnosed with MS. However, because the goal of the study was to identify early signs of MS, it did not explore the link between fibromyalgia and MS further. (18）

至少一位研究人员，Ethan B. Russo, MD，理论上，多发性硬化症和纤维肌痛以及偏头痛，irritable bowel syndrome（IBS）和其他一些条件 - 共享一个基本问题，他称之为临床内源性大麻素缺乏症。

Endocannabinoids are cannabis-like molecules that are naturally produced by the human body. Endocannabinoid receptors are found in the brain, nerves, skin, blood vessels, and other organs throughout the body. Consequently, the endocannabinoid system is involved in the regulation of physiological functions throughout much of the body.

根据Russo博士的说法，在2016年7月发表的一篇文章中Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research，，，，"All humans have an underlying endocannabinoid tone that is a reflection of levels of the endocannabinoids, anandamide (arachidonylethanolamide), and 2-arachidonoylglycerol, their production, metabolism, and the relative abundance and state of cannabinoid receptors.” A deficiency in endocannabinoid tone, he says, gives rise to pathophysiology, or functional changes that characterize various diseases and syndromes. (19）

In the same article, Russo describes existing studies of cannabis-basedIBS的治疗，，，，migraine, fibromyalgia, and some other conditions, and calls for randomized clinical trials in this area of research.

癫痫

Seizures are the hallmark of epilepsy, and they sometimes occur in MS as well, although they’re fairly uncommon, occurring in the 2 to 5 percent of the MS population,according to the National Multiple Sclerosis Society。

Just as inpeople with epilepsy，，，，seizures that occur in people with MS are the result of neurons firing abnormally. However, the specific cause of seizures in MS is unknown. It’s possible they’re triggered by MS lesions in the brain in susceptible individuals. Indeed, a study published in June 2019 inFrontiers in Neurology总结说：“在MS患者中发生的皮质病变可能在合并症癫痫中起重要作用。”但是，关于MS和癫痫之间的联系仍然不知道很多。（（20）

患有复发性癫痫发作的MS的人通常用抗塞氏菌药物治疗。

MS is not a rare disease, but it’s not that common, either. It’s no surprise, then, that many people know very little about it, and that sometimes what they know is wrong. In addition, scientists’ understanding of MS — what raises the risk of getting it, how best to treat it, and how to live well with it — has advanced considerably in recent years. So even some doctors may hold outdated beliefs about MS. For people who live with the disease, it’s important to know what’s what.

Learn More About Common Multiple Sclerosis Myths

A healthy diet for people with multiple sclerosis is not that different from a healthy diet for anyone. Basic good nutrition — sufficient calories from a mix of lean proteins, whole-graincarbohydrate来源，水果，蔬菜和健康脂肪（来自鱼类，坚果，种子和油） - 可以在维持能量水平并有助于预防2型糖尿病和心脏病等慢性疾病方面大有帮助。某些食物也可能有助于管理与MS相关的症状，例如高纤维食物有助于缓解constipation。

了解有关多发性硬化症的健康饮食习惯的更多信息

最喜欢的女士患者倡导组织

National Multiple Sclerosis Society

The National MS Society is probably the best-known MS patient advocacy organization in the United States, and for good reason. It provides information, assistance, and support of various kinds through its local chapters and through its MS Navigators, who are available to chat online or by phone. It’s a great place to start if you have questions about MS, need help finding a healthcare provider or navigating health insurance benefits, want to attend a local MS-related event, or want to get involved in advocacy work yourself.

Multiple Sclerosis Association of America

The MSAA specializes in improving the lives of people living with MS through its toll-free helpline, cooling products program, MRI access fund, and much more. Check out its事件日历for free educational presentations在美国和波多黎各。尝试一下My MS Managerapp to track the disease activity, store your medical information, and generate charts and reports. (The app is available for both Android and iOS devices and is free for individuals with MS and their caregivers.)MSAA也与Healthunlockedto provide a space for online discussion and support.

MS FOCUS

MS Focus提供了各种赠款计划，以提供辅助技术，笔记本电脑，紧急生活援助，家庭护理和冷却项目。该网站还提供了MS支持小组的目录，并列出了针对MS教育，筹款和健康活动的现场活动。

International Progressive MS Alliance

MS的渐进形式（包括原发性和次要的MS）可能会导致严重的身体和认知障碍，直到最近，这些MS的尚无药物治疗。进步的MS联盟正在努力通过进行更多更好的研究来加快受影响者的药物治疗和其他疗法的发展，以改变具有进步MS的人的生活。

MS Coalition

MS联盟将九个成员组织汇集在一起​​，并共同致力于改善MS人民的生活。它提供了一种快速方法来找出这些组织中的哪些程序可能对您有所帮助。

有影响力的MS筹款活动

Race to Erase MS

擦除MS年度晚会的比赛吸引了名人的名人和大量资金来资助治疗MS的研究。尽管对于普通百姓而言，晚会的票价可能有些陡峭，但第二天发生的MS论坛和博览会是免费的，并向公众开放，并提供了一些美国最高的MS研究人员的访问权限。

与他人分享并分享的基本信息

Mayo Clinic

当您首次被诊断出患有MS或想帮助朋友和家人了解情况时，Mayo Clinic网站是一个很好的起点。该网站提供了有关症状，诊断和治疗的基本信息，以及有关体内发生的事情的简单插图。

最喜欢的视频，包括MS患者和专业人士

MS TeamWorks

One way to feel less alone with MS is to listen to other people talk about their situation. The Consortium of Multiple Sclerosis Centers has put together a collection of videos featuring people living with MS as well as doctors, nurses, and other healthcare professionals who treat MS. Chances are you’ll find much to relate to, and maybe some new ideas on how to better manage MS.

最佳患者信息的MS研究组织

偶像

Here’s a chance to participate in MS research without necessarily taking part in a clinical trial. When you join iConquerMS, you contribute information about your MS history, symptoms, and treatments. Researchers then use your information, along with that of thousands of other people living with MS, to look for patterns and clues about the causes of MS and the best ways to treat it. As an iConquerMS member, you can also make suggestions directly to researchers on the types of studies you’d like to see done.

最喜欢的博客集合

MultipleSclerosis.net

有MS的人那里有很多很棒的博客，但是订阅多重困境的优势是您从各种各样的声音中获取常规博客文章。是的，他们都分享diagnosis of multiple sclerosis,但他们每个人都有自己的经历,顾虑ns, and perspective on life, MS, and the intersection of the two.

最喜欢的女士播客

RealTalk MS

Every week host Jon Strum tackles another MS topic, from stem cell transplants to advances in rehabilitation to healthcare legislation that could affect people with MS. Listen in as he interviews scientists, activists, MS caregivers, and others whose lives have been affect by MS.

Learn More About Additional Resources and Support for Multiple Sclerosis

Living with MS means living with uncertainty, and thebob app官方下载 仅增加了这种不确定性。一方面，不是known for sure if people with MS have a higher risk of acquiringCOVID-19比公众，尽管有一些理由认为他们可能会。对于另一个人来说，如果有较高的残疾水平的MS的人似乎会签约COVID-19，则可能会出现较高的并发症风险。

But much is still unknown, including when and if it’s safe to venture out, even to the doctor’s office for routine or acute care. Keeping in touch with your MS care providers during this time is important, and the broader availability oftelemedicinein the United States since the pandemic started has made it safer and, for some, easier to do that. If you haven’t yet tried a virtual visit, you may be pleasantly surprised.

The anxiety and fear almost everyone is feeling because of COVID-19 cannot be denied. But for many people with MS, living through the pandemic has called into play skills they’ve already learned through living with MS: how to plan ahead for even simple outings like grocery shopping, how to stay connected to family and friends even while you keep your physical distance, and how to get by with what’s available when what you really want isn’t available.

Still, even people with normally good coping skills have beenbob bet体育 按照这些异常时期，重要的是您知道的事情对您的心理健康有益， 喜欢健康饮食，获得足够的睡眠，保持体育锻炼的例行活动，并伸出援手寻求信息和支持，不仅来自朋友，而且来自较大的MS社区。所有主要的MS患者倡导组织以及许多较小的组织都有事实表，helplines，网络研讨会，聊天，练习视频以及更多的帮助您保持知情和联系。

Learn More About Living With MS During the COVID-19 Pandemic